EDUCATION: Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, Interactionism GENERAL Flashcards
How is society structured for Functionalists
Through norms and values, which create a consensus
How is a consensus formed in functionalism
Through social institutions performing primary/secondary socialisation to allow to the next generation to learn the value of consensus
Institutions provide - - - in functionalism
Functional pre-requisites - basic needs of society like food and shelter
Explain how the Organic Analogy ties into the theory of functionalism
Durkheim
- Society is like a human body
- The social institutions = organs in the body
- All organs are needed for the body to survive = all institutions are needed to WORK TOGETHER to create a smooth running society
Define social cohesion
Define social control
Social Cohesion: The extent to which people in society are bound together in common purpose
Social Control: The extent to which people were prevented from behaving in an anti-social manner
What are some strengths of functionalism
- If one person benefits from functionalism, everybody benefits
- Mentions the importance of all institutions
What are some weaknesses / criticisms of functionalism
- Fails to consider individual differences because not all look or act alike
- Assumes everything in society is always positive, which isn’t always the case
- Its unrealistically determinist; views humans as puppets who don’t cause deviance
What are Functionalist views on education
Durkheim - Social solidarity and specialist skills
Parsons - Meritocracy / secondary socialisation
Davis and Moore - Bridge and role allocation
What type of theory is functionalism
Structural - consensus theory
What type of theory is marxism
Structural conflict theory
How do marxists believe society is structured
Through the economic base (the wealthy who has the power to shape ideologies) and the superstructure (most important ideologies that dominate a particular area)
What is the relationship between the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariats
The Bourgeoisie exploit the Proletariats, creating a false class consciousness
What do Marxists say is the inevitable solution to Capitalism
Revolution from the proletariats, replacing the government with Communism
Humanistic Marxism:
- Who
- What
- Antonio GRAMSCI
- Concept of HEGEMONY - the ruling class maintain their power through coercive and hegemonic control
- The hegemonic control is never complete because they are a minority, and the proletariat have a dual consciousness
- To bring about change, proletariats need to create a r counter-hegemony - leading people to socialism
Scientific Marxism
- Who
- What
- Louis ALTHUSSER
- ISA and RSA - ways in which Bourgeoisie maintain their power
- Criticised humanistic marxism - structure determines everything and people are incapable of having revolutionary ideas without the existing capitalist system
