EDUCATION: Privatisation and globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define privatisation

A

The transfer of industries previously owned by the state to ownership of private businesses, who run them to make profit

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2
Q

Privatisation - pros

  • cons
A

PROS: The UK spends approximately £90b on education, but with privatisation that number would go down.
- increased competition between schools and driven up standards

CONS: a narrowing of the curriculum might be the result – with more of an emphasis on maths and less of an emphasis on critical humanities subjects which aren’t as profitable.

  • cola-isation of schools (Ball)
  • increasing inequality of educational provision as private companies cherry pick the best schools to take over and leave the worst schools under Local Education Authority Control.
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3
Q

Define exogenous privatisation

Examples

A

Privatisation from outside

  • Setting up academies
  • Building and maintaining school buildings
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4
Q

Define endogenous privatisation
What does this basically mean?

Examples

A

Privatisation within the education system

Privatisation within education refers to the introduction of FREE-MARKET principles into the day to day running of schools. This is basically MARKETISATION.

  • Linking school funding to success rates (formula funding)
  • Making schools compete for pupils so they become like businesses
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5
Q

Ball (ESI)
- What

  • What examples are there for involvement of private companies in the ESI
A
  • Education Service Industry
  • What Ball calls the process where eduction becomes a source of profit for capitalists
  • Building schools
  • Providing supply teachers
  • OFSTED inspection services
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6
Q

Ball (ESI)
- What

  • What examples are there for involvement of private companies in the ESI
A
  • Education Service Industry
  • What Ball calls the process where eduction becomes a source of profit for capitalists
  • Building schools
  • Providing supply teachers
  • OFSTED inspection services

Many of these activities are very profitable

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7
Q

Ball (PPP’s)

- What

A
  • Public Private Partnership
  • Private companies provide capital to design, build, finance and operate educational services.
  • Companies involved in this work expect to make up 10x
    as much profit as they do on other contracts (so they are very profitable)
  • But, Local authorities are often obliged to enter into these agreement as the only way of building new schools because of a lack of funding by central government
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8
Q

Blurring the public / private boundary
- What

  • Pollack
A

When teachers/ senior officials in the public sector leave work to set up work fro private sectors
- These private sectors bid for contracts to produce services to schools

POLLACK: This flow of personnel allows companies to buy ‘insider knowledge’ to help win contracts, as well as side-stepping local authority democracy

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9
Q

Privatisation in education

  • Many private companies are… (Example)
  • Buckingham + Scanlon
  • How do contracts work in privatisation and globalisation
  • Exporting education policy and what results from this
A
  • ‘Foreign owned’ (Edexcel is owned by the US)

BUCKINGHAM + SCANLON: Said the UK’s 4 leading educational software companies are owned by global munitions

  • Contracts are sold on by the original company to others like banks and investment funds. They are then bought by private sectors.
    In globalisation these are bought by overseas companies
  • Private companies often export education policy to other countries and then provide the services to deliver the policies
    Result = nation-states are becoming less important in policymaking, shifting yo a global level which is also often privatised
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10
Q

Cola-isation of schools

  • What
  • How
  • Molnar
  • Ball
  • Beder
A

WHAT: When schools are targeted by private companies because they are kind of product support

HOW: Vending machines in school, and the development of brand loyalty through displays of logos and sponsorships

MOLNAR: Schools are targeted by companies because ‘by nature, they carry enormous goodwill and can thus confer legitimacy on anything associated with them = they are a kind of product endorsement

BALL: A Cadbury sports equipment promotion was scrapped after pupils would have to eat 5,440 chocolate bars just to qualify for setting up of volleyball posts

BEDER: UK families spent £110,000 in Tesco supermarkets in return for a single computer in school

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11
Q

Education as a commodity

  • Ball
  • Marxist Hall
  • Marxism
A

BALL: policies are increasingly focused on moving education services out of the public sector, to be privatised
In the process, education is becoming a ‘legitimate object of private profit-making’, a community to be brought and sold in education market

MARXIST HALL: See coalition gov. policies as part of the ‘long march of the neoliberal revolution’.
Sees academies as an example of hanging over public services to private capitalists

MARXISM: The Neoliberal claim that privatisation and competition drive up standards is a myth to legitimate the turning to education into a source for private profit

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12
Q

Great impacts of globalisation on education

8

A
  • Multi-culturalism: Migration into he Uk leading to the development of a more inclusive and diverse curriculum
  • Variety of schools and marketisation: Free schools and academies influenced by Sweden and US.
    Increased marketisation of British schools overseas and academy trust opening chains as the desire for Western education grows
  • International rankings: PISA league tables rank countries according to how well pupils’ score on English and maths tests
  • University entrance: Increased foreign students to fill gaps in higher education.
    Unis setting up causes globally to capitalise on desire for Western education
  • British values and PREVENT: Growing globalisation has led to anti-Western feeling = reinforcing social solidarity through BV and challenging possible terrorism through PREVENT in schools
  • Changes to teaching and learning assessment: More emphasis on collaborative teaching and learning activities influence by international research
  • Changes to curriculum: Focusing on languages, history and teaching English as an additional language
  • Skills for global economy: Led to students needing more skills to be able to compete in the global market
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13
Q

Impact of globalisation in the Uk education system and attainment

A
  • Schools: Sweden, US impacted free schools and academies
  • Rise of technology: challenges traditional schooling and means changes to the curriculum to create skilled, adaptable workers
  • Multiculturalism: All schools teach about 6 world religions, and there are many faith schools
  • Transnational corporations: Make a profit providing services like curriculums and online learning materials to the government
  • Competition: Increased competition abroad, meaning students today have to stay in education for longer (evident by the increasing age to legally leave school/ encouragement to go uni)
    Unskilled factory jobs now moved abroad = British workers need to be better educated to get jobs at all
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14
Q

What are some criticisms of globalisation

A
  • Limited range of subjects
  • Cultural differences between nations
  • Validity and reliability of testing
  • Expensive and often policies are short lived
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