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a5 therapeutic exercise > General Info- EXAM 1 > Flashcards

General Info- EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how long does it take to get muscle hypertrophy

A

about 6-8 weeks

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2
Q

what is the vision statement

A

transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience

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3
Q

what is important to explain to our patients

A

why are getting someing prescribed

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4
Q

what is motor control

A

necessary input,
sufficiency processed,
with an acceptable outcome

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5
Q

what is motor control about

A

timing NOT strength

**we want the muscles to respond to the right timing of when the muscles moves

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6
Q

what is the necessary input of motor control

A

Afferent information synapses on dorsal root ganglion (1st order neuron)

Enters dorsal horn of the spinal cord

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7
Q

what do ascending pathways do

A

carry afferent information to the brain

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8
Q

what are ascending pathways

A

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus tract
Spinocerebellar tracts
Spinothalamic tracts

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9
Q

where are things sufficiency processed

A

primary motor cortex

primary somatosensory cortex

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10
Q

what does the descending pathways do

A

Originate within the Cerebral cortex or brainstem.

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11
Q

what are some descending pathways

A 
Lateral corticospinal tract
Ventral corticospinal tract
Lateral reticulospinal tract
Medial reticulospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
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12
Q

what are the alpha motor neurons

A

Lower motor neuron located in the spinal cord (or brain stem) is the lowest level

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13
Q

where are the alpha motor neuron located

A

located within the ventral horn of the spinal cord

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14
Q

what are the final common pathway of the motor system

A

alpha motor neurons

  • Supraspinal motor tracts
  • Spinal interneurons
  • Primary sensory afferent fibers
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15
Q

what is the acceptable outcome of motor control

A

which we observe as moment

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16
Q

what are things that alter motor control

A

pain

injury

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17
Q

read article

A

on bb

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18
Q

what are some pain theories

A
  • vicious cycle
  • pain adaptations
  • new pain model
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19
Q

what is the vicious cycle of the pain theories

A

In the presence of painful stimuli muscle activity increases

  • Regardless of the task
  • Stereotypical
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20
Q

what is the pain adaptations of the pain theories

A

1The activity of muscles that are painful or produce painful movement are decreased
***Force generating ability reduced

2The antagonist of these painful muscles are increased

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21
Q

what is the new pain model of the pain theories

A
  • Involves changes in multiple levels of the motor system
  • Changes mechanical behavior; dysfunctional movement
  • Leads to protection of further injury
  • Short term benefit; long term consequence (protection)
  • Redistribution of activity between and within muscles
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22
Q

what is the inner core

A

Diaphragm
Transverse abdominis
Pelvic floor
Multifidus

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23
Q

how does pain alter motor control

A

in an unpredictable manner

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24
Q

what is high threshold strategy

A

Adaptive strategy mediated by the CNS in response to pain where there is increased neural drive to the global muscular

Although designed for a short term response…..in many individuals it may become a detrimental pattern

The outer muscles are on excssively when performing a low load task

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25
look at slide
40-49
26
where do poor movement patterns exist
in the BRAIN
27
discrete task
(clear beginning and ending)…most therapeutic exercises are discrete tasks
28
serial tasks
: A series of discrete tasks combined in a particular fashion…..such as taking a bite to eat or transfer to/from a wheelchair independently
29
continuous task
Repetitive, uninterrupted movements with no distinct beginning and ending….walking, cycling etc.
30
what is an closed environment
objects around the patient and the surface on which the task is performed DOES NOT move
31
what is an open environment
objects, other people, or the support surface are in motion
32
what is inter trial variability | absent
the environment is unchanging from one task to another
33
what is inter trial variability | present
environmental demands change from one task to another
34
what is a body stable
maintaining the patient’s body in a stationary position
35
what is a body transport
the patient changes body position from one place to another
36
what are some Variables that influence motor learning during exercise instruction:
Pre-practice Considerations Feedback Practice
37
what Pre-practice Considerations
Demonstration vs Verbal Instructions Extensive verbal instructions too early may be more confusing than helpful
38
what is feedback
second most important variable in motor learning
39
what is intrinisc feedback
feedback from the sensory system of the learner; not from the therapist
40
what is extrinsic feedback
feedback comes from the therapist
41
what is Knowledge of Performance
focuses on the patient “getting a feel” for the activity while the therapist provides ongoing verbal feedback
42
what is Knowledge of Results
focuses on outcomes (goal orientated) of movement enhances learning and motor control retention
43
what is Concurrent Feedback
Occurs in real-time as the patient is performing the task
44
what is Immediate Feedback
Occurs directly following each trial
45
what is Delayed Feedback
Occurs following several completed trials
46
what is Timing and Frequency feedback
Delayed/summary feedback for self evaluation and long-term retention Intermittent feedback promotes better learning vs. concurrent/continuous feedback
47
what is practice
Single most important variable in learning a motor skill
48
what is part practice
is most effective in the early stages of learning complex serial skills
49
what is whole practice
is more effective for learning continuous skills
50
what is blocked practice
initially improves performance at a faster rate
51
what is random practice
leads to better skill retention and generalizability of skills
52
what is blocked training
``` -Do one exercise for a certain number of repetitions per set -Each rep has the same movement -No stopping between reps -Focus on form ```
53
what is random training
– Do multiple exercises per set and one rep of each – Each rep has some different movement – Take time with each rep – Focus on feel
54
what does diaphragmatic breathing do
Helps relax and reset the nervous system Deep breathing stimulates the parasympathetic system and decreases excessive tone
55
what is the fundamental level
``` 1 supine 2 prone 3 rolling 4 quadruped 5 crawling ```
56
what is the transition level
6 sitting 7 kneeling 8 squatting
57
what is the function level
9 vertical stance | 10 gait
58
what are on weight bearing exercise
ROLLING supine prone sidelying
59
what happens in quadruped
the hips are loaded but the spine is not
60
what happens kneeling
hips and spine are loaded
61
what should you be treating 1st
mobility motor control strength
62
what is passive range of motion
Movement of a joint that is produced entirely by an external force
63
what is Active Assisted Range of Motion
A form of active ROM in which assistance is provided by an outside force because the prime movers require assistance to move through the motion
64
how do you get stability in the spine
* Muscles are like guide wires * Does not consider control of intervertebral motion * Stability is achieved through compressive forces which diminish postural control * Neurophysiological * Can control both dynamic and static loads * Allows for control of spinal motion to keep COG over BOS
65
what are the outre core muscles
External Oblique Rectus Abdominis Latissimus Dorsi Erector Spinae
66
when should the TrA is activated
The TrA is active prior to the deltoid in anticipation of arm lifting to stabilize the spine -- will have a timing problem in LBP people
67
what plays a major role in continence
pelive floor
68
what does the pelvic floor do
Contributes to control of lumbar spine and and pelvis through stiffening the SIJ and increasing intraabdominal pressure
69
what are some pelvic floor contraction
kegels
70
how do you do kegels
* Actually try to stop the flow of urine (don’t make this routine) * If can stop completely – PFM are good * If can only partially stop – weak * If nothing happens – very weak * If the contraction pushes more urine out - big red flag – poor pelvic floor contraction
71
what can happen if kegels are done wrong
can cause incontinence
72
what are some common cues for pelvic floor contractions
Try to stop the flow of urine” Rectal tightening (trying to not pass gas) “Think of a squeeze and lift”
73
READ
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a5 therapeutic exercise (12 decks)

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