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a5 therapeutic exercise > General Info- EXAM 1 > Flashcards

General Info- EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how long does it take to get muscle hypertrophy

A

about 6-8 weeks

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2
Q

what is the vision statement

A

transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience

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3
Q

what is important to explain to our patients

A

why are getting someing prescribed

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4
Q

what is motor control

A

necessary input,
sufficiency processed,
with an acceptable outcome

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5
Q

what is motor control about

A

timing NOT strength

**we want the muscles to respond to the right timing of when the muscles moves

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6
Q

what is the necessary input of motor control

A

Afferent information synapses on dorsal root ganglion (1st order neuron)

Enters dorsal horn of the spinal cord

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7
Q

what do ascending pathways do

A

carry afferent information to the brain

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8
Q

what are ascending pathways

A

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus tract
Spinocerebellar tracts
Spinothalamic tracts

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9
Q

where are things sufficiency processed

A

primary motor cortex

primary somatosensory cortex

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10
Q

what does the descending pathways do

A

Originate within the Cerebral cortex or brainstem.

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11
Q

what are some descending pathways

A 
Lateral corticospinal tract
Ventral corticospinal tract
Lateral reticulospinal tract
Medial reticulospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
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12
Q

what are the alpha motor neurons

A

Lower motor neuron located in the spinal cord (or brain stem) is the lowest level

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13
Q

where are the alpha motor neuron located

A

located within the ventral horn of the spinal cord

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14
Q

what are the final common pathway of the motor system

A

alpha motor neurons

  • Supraspinal motor tracts
  • Spinal interneurons
  • Primary sensory afferent fibers
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15
Q

what is the acceptable outcome of motor control

A

which we observe as moment

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16
Q

what are things that alter motor control

A

pain

injury

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17
Q

read article

A

on bb

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18
Q

what are some pain theories

A
  • vicious cycle
  • pain adaptations
  • new pain model
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19
Q

what is the vicious cycle of the pain theories

A

In the presence of painful stimuli muscle activity increases

  • Regardless of the task
  • Stereotypical
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20
Q

what is the pain adaptations of the pain theories

A

1The activity of muscles that are painful or produce painful movement are decreased
***Force generating ability reduced

2The antagonist of these painful muscles are increased

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21
Q

what is the new pain model of the pain theories

A
  • Involves changes in multiple levels of the motor system
  • Changes mechanical behavior; dysfunctional movement
  • Leads to protection of further injury
  • Short term benefit; long term consequence (protection)
  • Redistribution of activity between and within muscles
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22
Q

what is the inner core

A

Diaphragm
Transverse abdominis
Pelvic floor
Multifidus

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23
Q

how does pain alter motor control

A

in an unpredictable manner

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24
Q

what is high threshold strategy

A

Adaptive strategy mediated by the CNS in response to pain where there is increased neural drive to the global muscular

Although designed for a short term response…..in many individuals it may become a detrimental pattern

The outer muscles are on excssively when performing a low load task

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25
Q

look at slide

A

40-49

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26
Q

where do poor movement patterns exist

A

in the BRAIN

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27
Q

discrete task

A

(clear beginning and ending)…most therapeutic exercises are discrete tasks

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28
Q

serial tasks

A

: A series of discrete tasks combined in a particular fashion…..such as taking a bite to eat or transfer to/from a wheelchair independently

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29
Q

continuous task

A

Repetitive, uninterrupted movements with no distinct beginning and ending….walking, cycling etc.

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30
Q

what is an closed environment

A

objects around the patient and the surface on which the task is performed DOES NOT move

31
Q

what is an open environment

A

objects, other people, or the support surface are in motion

32
Q

what is inter trial variability

absent

A

the environment is unchanging from one task to another

33
Q

what is inter trial variability

present

A

environmental demands change from one task to another

34
Q

what is a body stable

A

maintaining the patient’s body in a stationary position

35
Q

what is a body transport

A

the patient changes body position from one place to another

36
Q

what are some Variables that influence motor learning during exercise instruction:

A

Pre-practice Considerations
Feedback
Practice

37
Q

what Pre-practice Considerations

A

Demonstration vs Verbal Instructions
Extensive verbal instructions

too early may be more confusing than helpful

38
Q

what is feedback

A

second most important variable in motor learning

39
Q

what is intrinisc feedback

A

feedback from the sensory system of the learner; not from the therapist

40
Q

what is extrinsic feedback

A

feedback comes from the therapist

41
Q

what is Knowledge of Performance

A

focuses on the patient “getting a feel” for the activity while the therapist provides ongoing verbal feedback

42
Q

what is Knowledge of Results

A

focuses on outcomes (goal orientated) of movement enhances learning and motor control retention

43
Q

what is Concurrent Feedback

A

Occurs in real-time as the patient is performing the task

44
Q

what is Immediate Feedback

A

Occurs directly following each trial

45
Q

what is Delayed Feedback

A

Occurs following several completed trials

46
Q

what is Timing and Frequency feedback

A

Delayed/summary feedback for self evaluation and long-term retention

Intermittent feedback promotes better learning vs. concurrent/continuous feedback

47
Q

what is practice

A

Single most important variable in learning a motor skill

48
Q

what is part practice

A

is most effective in the early stages of learning complex serial skills

49
Q

what is whole practice

A

is more effective for learning continuous skills

50
Q

what is blocked practice

A

initially improves performance at a faster rate

51
Q

what is random practice

A

leads to better skill retention and generalizability of skills

52
Q

what is blocked training

A 
-Do one exercise for a 
  certain number of 
  repetitions per set
-Each rep has the same movement
-No stopping between reps
-Focus on form
53
Q

what is random training

A

– Do multiple exercises per set and one rep of each
– Each rep has some different movement
– Take time with each rep
– Focus on feel

54
Q

what does diaphragmatic breathing do

A

Helps relax and reset the nervous system

Deep breathing stimulates the parasympathetic system and decreases excessive tone

55
Q

what is the fundamental level

A 
1 supine 
2 prone 
3 rolling
4 quadruped 
5 crawling
56
Q

what is the transition level

A

6 sitting
7 kneeling
8 squatting

57
Q

what is the function level

A

9 vertical stance

10 gait

58
Q

what are on weight bearing exercise

A

ROLLING
supine
prone
sidelying

59
Q

what happens in quadruped

A

the hips are loaded but the spine is not

60
Q

what happens kneeling

A

hips and spine are loaded

61
Q

what should you be treating 1st

A

mobility
motor control
strength

62
Q

what is passive range of motion

A

Movement of a joint that is produced entirely by an external force

63
Q

what is Active Assisted Range of Motion

A

A form of active ROM in which assistance is provided by an outside force because the prime movers require assistance to move through the motion

64
Q

how do you get stability in the spine

A
  • Muscles are like guide wires
  • Does not consider control of intervertebral motion
  • Stability is achieved through compressive forces which diminish postural control
  • Neurophysiological
  • Can control both dynamic and static loads
  • Allows for control of spinal motion to keep COG over BOS
65
Q

what are the outre core muscles

A

External Oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Latissimus Dorsi
Erector Spinae

66
Q

when should the TrA is activated

A

The TrA is active prior to the deltoid in anticipation of arm lifting to stabilize the spine

– will have a timing problem in LBP people

67
Q

what plays a major role in continence

A

pelive floor

68
Q

what does the pelvic floor do

A

Contributes to control of lumbar spine and and pelvis through stiffening the SIJ and increasing intraabdominal pressure

69
Q

what are some pelvic floor contraction

70
Q

how do you do kegels

A
  • Actually try to stop the flow of urine (don’t make this routine)
  • If can stop completely – PFM are good
  • If can only partially stop – weak
  • If nothing happens – very weak
  • If the contraction pushes more urine out - big red flag – poor pelvic floor contraction
71
Q

what can happen if kegels are done wrong

A

can cause incontinence

72
Q

what are some common cues for pelvic floor contractions

A

Try to stop the flow of urine”

Rectal tightening (trying to not pass gas)

“Think of a squeeze and lift”

73
Q

READ

A

Read all of the slide over

a5 therapeutic exercise (12 decks)

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