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Human anatomy and organogenesis > General about skeletal system, joints and biomechanics > Flashcards

General about skeletal system, joints and biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Different name for bony fusion joint

A

Synostosis

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2
Q

Two types of cartilaginous joint

A

Synchondrosis and symphysis

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3
Q

Two types of fibrous joint

A

Syndesmosis and suture

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4
Q

What axis of rotation is allowed in the elbow?

A

Transverse axis

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5
Q

Why is there typically a notch in the middle of hinge (cylinder) joints?

A

It serves as a guide for the movement . Blocks lateral sliding

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6
Q

What motion does saddle joints have?

A

Biaxial

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7
Q

What motion does plane joints have?

A

Non-axial

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8
Q

What motion does hinge joints have?

A

Uniaxial

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9
Q

What motion does pivot joints have?

A

Uniaxial

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10
Q

What motion does condylar joints have?

A

Biaxial

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11
Q

What motion does ball and socket joints have?

A

Multiaxial

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12
Q

Which are the most common joints in our body?

A

Sinovial joints

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13
Q

What are synovial joints characterised by?

A

Freely moving
Articulating bony surfaces are covered in smooth (byline) articular cartilage and separated by a film og viscous synovial fluid (serves as lubricant)

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14
Q

What does the synovial membrane do?

A

Secretes and absorbs a fluid that lubricates the movement between the articulating surfaces

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15
Q

3 types of synovial joints

A

Simple
Compound
Complex

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16
Q

Can synovial joints be different kinds of joints (classified on shape/movement)?

A

Yes

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17
Q

2 non mobile joint

A

Suture
Syndesmoses

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18
Q

What is the terminal part of skeletal muscles?

A

Tendinous in nature

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19
Q

Angle of tendon and muscle fibers to which the tendon belongs

A

Pennation angle

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20
Q

What is the most superficial part of the bone?

A

Cortical bone

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21
Q

What is cortical bone formed by?

A

Compact bone tissue

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22
Q

What are the deep parts of the bone called

A

Spongy substance/bone
Trabecular substance/bone

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23
Q

What is spongy and trabecular bone formed by?

A

Spongy bone tissue

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24
Q

What is the cavity of bone that contains bone marrow called?

A

Medullary cavity

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25
Q

Name for bones that have air-filled cavities which are lined by mucosa

A

Pneumatic bones

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26
Q

3 examples of pneumatic bones

A

Ethmoid
Maxilla
Temporal

27
Q

What is spongey tissue called in the cranium?

A

Diploë

28
Q

Two main groups of joints?

A

Continuity joints
Contiguity joints

29
Q

What are continuity joints?

A

Synarthroses
Immovable or semimovable

30
Q

What are contiguity joints?

A

Diathroses or synovial joints
Moveable joints

31
Q

What 3 things does synarthroses include?

A

Sutures
Symphyses
Synchondroses

32
Q

What is synostosis?

A

When bones weld together

33
Q

What are symphyses?

A

Joints where two bony segments are joined by fibrous cartilage and connective tissue

34
Q

Example of symphyses joint

A

Joint between hipbones

35
Q

What are synchondroses joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage interposed between the articular heads

36
Q

Example of synchondroses joint

A

Joint between first rib and sternum

37
Q

3 structures that together with supporting structures form diarthroses/synovial joints

A

Articular heads
joint capsules
Articular cavity

38
Q

What are simple joints?

A

Synovial joints which present only 2 articular heads enclosed in a capsule

39
Q

What are compound joints?

A

Synovial joints that present more articular heads included into the joint capsule (like elbow joint)

40
Q

Different name for ball and socket joints

A

Spherodial joints

41
Q

Different name for condylar joints

A

Ellipsoid joints

42
Q

Different name for pivot joints

A

Throcoid joints

43
Q

Different name for hinge joints

A

Trochleae

44
Q

What is the articular surface of joints covered by?

A

Hyaline cartilage

45
Q

Which are the movements on the transverse axis?

A

Flexion and extension

46
Q

Which are the movements on the saggital axis?

A

Lateral inclination when referring to head and trunk
Abduction and adduction when referring to limbs

47
Q

Which are the movements on the longitudinal axis?

A

Torsion when involving vertebral column
Rotation when involving the limbs

48
Q

What is the articular cavity?

A

A very narrow space in the shape of a fissure

49
Q

What does the articular cavity contain?

A

Synovial fluid

50
Q

2 functions of synovial fluid

A

Lubricating
Maintenance of the articular cartilages

51
Q

What are peripheral ligaments?

A

Ligaments embedded into the capsule

52
Q

What are remote ligaments?

A

Ligaments that pass a remarkable distance from the joint

53
Q

3 classes of muscles

A

Long muscles
Large/flat muscles
Short muscles

54
Q

Different name for superficial muscles

A

Cutaneous

55
Q

Different name for deep muscles

A

Subfascial

56
Q

Where are cutaneous muscles located?

A

Immediately under the skin with at least one end attached to the dermis

57
Q

Where are the superfascial muscles located?

A

Below the superficial fascia (contained in hypodermis)

58
Q

Names of the 2 insertion points

A

Moveable point
Fixed point

59
Q

What happens to the two insertion points during contraction?

A

The moveable point moves towards the fixed point which remains stationary

60
Q

Do some muscles have two moveable points?

A

Yes

61
Q

2 ways of muscle insertion

A

Directly
By means of a tendon

62
Q

What are muscles called when their insertion happens via more than one tendon?

A

Bicaudate
Tricaudate
Polycaudate

63
Q

What is the course of the tendon fibers in comparison to the axis of the muscles with parallel fascicles?

A

Parallel

64
Q

What is the course of the tendon fibers in comparison to the axis of the muscles with oblique fascicles?

A

Oblique

Human anatomy and organogenesis (21 decks)

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