General about skeletal system, joints and biomechanics

Question 1

Different name for bony fusion joint

Answer 1

Synostosis

Question 2

Two types of cartilaginous joint

Answer 2

Synchondrosis and symphysis

Question 3

Two types of fibrous joint

Answer 3

Syndesmosis and suture

Question 4

What axis of rotation is allowed in the elbow?

Answer 4

Transverse axis

Question 5

Why is there typically a notch in the middle of hinge (cylinder) joints?

Answer 5

It serves as a guide for the movement . Blocks lateral sliding

Question 6

What motion does saddle joints have?

Answer 6

Biaxial

Question 7

What motion does plane joints have?

Answer 7

Non-axial

Question 8

What motion does hinge joints have?

Answer 8

Uniaxial

Question 9

What motion does pivot joints have?

Answer 9

Uniaxial

Question 10

What motion does condylar joints have?

Answer 10

Biaxial

Question 11

What motion does ball and socket joints have?

Answer 11

Multiaxial

Question 12

Which are the most common joints in our body?

Answer 12

Sinovial joints

Question 13

What are synovial joints characterised by?

Answer 13

Freely moving
Articulating bony surfaces are covered in smooth (byline) articular cartilage and separated by a film og viscous synovial fluid (serves as lubricant)

Question 14

What does the synovial membrane do?

Answer 14

Secretes and absorbs a fluid that lubricates the movement between the articulating surfaces

Question 15

3 types of synovial joints

Answer 15

Simple
Compound
Complex

Question 16

Can synovial joints be different kinds of joints (classified on shape/movement)?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

2 non mobile joint

Answer 17

Suture
Syndesmoses

Question 18

What is the terminal part of skeletal muscles?

Answer 18

Tendinous in nature

Question 19

Angle of tendon and muscle fibers to which the tendon belongs

Answer 19

Pennation angle

Question 20

What is the most superficial part of the bone?

Answer 20

Cortical bone

Question 21

What is cortical bone formed by?

Answer 21

Compact bone tissue

Question 22

What are the deep parts of the bone called

Answer 22

Spongy substance/bone
Trabecular substance/bone

Question 23

What is spongy and trabecular bone formed by?

Answer 23

Spongy bone tissue

Question 24

What is the cavity of bone that contains bone marrow called?

Answer 24

Medullary cavity

Question 25

Name for bones that have air-filled cavities which are lined by mucosa

Answer 25

Pneumatic bones

Question 26

3 examples of pneumatic bones

Answer 26

Ethmoid Maxilla Temporal

Question 27

What is spongey tissue called in the cranium?

Answer 27

Diploë

Question 28

Two main groups of joints?

Answer 28

Continuity joints Contiguity joints

Question 29

What are continuity joints?

Answer 29

Synarthroses Immovable or semimovable

Question 30

What are contiguity joints?

Answer 30

Diathroses or synovial joints Moveable joints

Question 31

What 3 things does synarthroses include?

Answer 31

Sutures Symphyses Synchondroses

Question 32

What is synostosis?

Answer 32

When bones weld together

Question 33

What are symphyses?

Answer 33

Joints where two bony segments are joined by fibrous cartilage and connective tissue

Question 34

Example of symphyses joint

Answer 34

Joint between hipbones

Question 35

What are synchondroses joints?

Answer 35

Hyaline cartilage interposed between the articular heads

Question 36

Example of synchondroses joint

Answer 36

Joint between first rib and sternum

Question 37

3 structures that together with supporting structures form diarthroses/synovial joints

Answer 37

Articular heads joint capsules Articular cavity

Question 38

What are simple joints?

Answer 38

Synovial joints which present only 2 articular heads enclosed in a capsule

Question 39

What are compound joints?

Answer 39

Synovial joints that present more articular heads included into the joint capsule (like elbow joint)

Question 40

Different name for ball and socket joints

Answer 40

Spherodial joints

Question 41

Different name for condylar joints

Answer 41

Ellipsoid joints

Question 42

Different name for pivot joints

Answer 42

Throcoid joints

Question 43

Different name for hinge joints

Answer 43

Trochleae

Question 44

What is the articular surface of joints covered by?

Answer 44

Hyaline cartilage

Question 45

Which are the movements on the transverse axis?

Answer 45

Flexion and extension

Question 46

Which are the movements on the saggital axis?

Answer 46

Lateral inclination when referring to head and trunk Abduction and adduction when referring to limbs

Question 47

Which are the movements on the longitudinal axis?

Answer 47

Torsion when involving vertebral column Rotation when involving the limbs

Question 48

What is the articular cavity?

Answer 48

A very narrow space in the shape of a fissure

Question 49

What does the articular cavity contain?

Answer 49

Synovial fluid

Question 50

2 functions of synovial fluid

Answer 50

Lubricating Maintenance of the articular cartilages

Question 51

What are peripheral ligaments?

Answer 51

Ligaments embedded into the capsule

Question 52

What are remote ligaments?

Answer 52

Ligaments that pass a remarkable distance from the joint

Question 53

3 classes of muscles

Answer 53

Long muscles Large/flat muscles Short muscles

Question 54

Different name for superficial muscles

Answer 54

Cutaneous

Question 55

Different name for deep muscles

Answer 55

Subfascial

Question 56

Where are cutaneous muscles located?

Answer 56

Immediately under the skin with at least one end attached to the dermis

Question 57

Where are the superfascial muscles located?

Answer 57

Below the superficial fascia (contained in hypodermis)

Question 58

Names of the 2 insertion points

Answer 58

Moveable point Fixed point

Question 59

What happens to the two insertion points during contraction?

Answer 59

The moveable point moves towards the fixed point which remains stationary

Question 60

Do some muscles have two moveable points?

Answer 60

Yes

Question 61

2 ways of muscle insertion

Answer 61

Directly By means of a tendon

Question 62

What are muscles called when their insertion happens via more than one tendon?

Answer 62

Bicaudate Tricaudate Polycaudate

Question 63

What is the course of the tendon fibers in comparison to the axis of the muscles with parallel fascicles?

Answer 63

Parallel

Question 64

What is the course of the tendon fibers in comparison to the axis of the muscles with oblique fascicles?

Answer 64

Oblique