Anatomical terminology Flashcards
What is the frontal view with palm of your hand out called?
Anterior: ventral
What is the back view called ?
Posterior: dorsal
What is the palm of the hand?
Ventral
Which way is the back (dorsal) of the hand facing?
Posterior
What does proximal mean?
Towards the head/midline of the body
What does distal mean?
Far from the head/midline of the body
Name of the top of the feet
Dorsum of foot
What does medial mean?
Close to the midline, moving towards the midline
What does lateral mean?
Moving away from the midline
What context do we use proximal/distal ?
Limbs (arms legs)
What context do we use medial and lateral ?
Organs, things on torso
What is the midline sagittal plane?
Divides the body into right and left
What does the sagittal axis go through?
Posterior to anterior
What is the transverse plane?
Divides body into two parts, lower part and upper part. Horizontal
What is the frontal/coronal plane?
Divides body into anterior and posterior
What does the transverse axis go through ?
Side to side
What does the longitudinal axis go through ?
Head to feet
Different name for palmar (hands)
Volar
What does cranial/superior means?
Towards the head
What does cadual/inferior means?
Towards the tailbone (sacrum)
What does anterior/ventral means?
Towards the front/abdomen
What does posterior/dorsal means?
Towards the back
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity?
The diaphragm
Where is the thoracic cavity in comparison to the diaphragm?
Above
Where is the abdominal cavity in comparison to the diaphragm?
Below
What are used as a point of reference/landmark when describing location of organs?
Bone
Different name for basisternal line
Xiphoid line
What does para mean?
Close
What does emi means? (emiclaveclar)
Half
What are the 4 levels of organisation?
Cells-> tissues-> organ-> System
What two groups of organs are there?
Hollow organs and solid organs
Example of solid organs?
Liver, spleen, lungs and so on
What are solid organs made of?
parenchyma + capsule of connective tissue
What are the two types of hollow organs?
Visceral organs and vessels
What kind of organ is the heart?
Hollow organ
What are the 4 layers of visceral organs?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscolare layer and tunica adventitia/ serosa
Do all visceral organs have all 4 layers?
No not necessarily
What is the hylum of a solid organ?
Where structure such as blood vessels and nerves enter (and exit) an organ
What does epi mean?
Above
What does hypo mean?
Below
Different name for the abdominal cavity?
The peritoneal cavity
What is are the two parts called when planes divides the body into left and right regardless of whether it is centred or not?
Antimeres
Are the antimeres the same? Internally and externally
No they are not the same internally or externally (though closer to being so externally)
Different name for coronal plane
Frontal plane
Different name for superior part of the body when divided in the transverse plane
Rostral or cranial
Different name for inferior part of the body when divided in the transverse plane
Caudal
What is the first quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Right hypochondrium
What is the second quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Epigastric region/fossa
What is the third quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Left hypochondrium
What is the fourth quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Right lateral abdominal region/ right flank
What is the fifth quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Mesogastric region
What is the sixth quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Left lateral abdominal region/ left flank
What is the seventh quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Right inguinal region/ right inigunoabdominal region
What is the eighth quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Pubic region
What is the ninth quadrent of the anterior abdominal wall called?
Left inguinal region/ Left inigunoabdominal region
Two types of hollow organs
Viscera
Hollow organs of the cardiovascular system
Two types of organs
Solid
Hollow
What is the hilum?
Functional entry to the organ and passage point for all connectors
What are the viscera organs?
The ones housed in somatic cavities of the head and trunk
Is the term viscera and organs synonymous?
No
The two parts of the head
Brain part: cranium, neurocranium
Face part: face, viscerocranium
What does the integument include?
The skin
Underlying subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
Appendages distributed in the skin
What are the cutaneous appendages?
Nails
Hair
Sebaceous glands
Eccrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands
Mammary gland
What do the cutaneous appendages develop from?
The epidermis
