Gender Differences in Education - Pupils' Gender Identities Flashcards
When do double standards exist?
When we apply one set of moral standards to one group but a different set to another group
What double standard did Lees identify?
A double standard of sexual morality where boys boast about their own sexual exploits but call girls a ‘slag’ if she dresses or acts in a certain way
What do feminists see double standards as examples of?
Examples of patriarchal ideologies which justify male power and devalue women
What is one of the ways in which dominant gender and sexual identities are reinforced according to Connell?
“A rich vocabulary of abuse”
What did boys call girls if they appeared to be sexually available according to Lees?
‘Slags’
Mac an Ghaill’s ‘male gaze’
The way in which male pupils and teachers look girls up and down, seeing them as sexual objects
What is the ‘male gaze’ seen as a form of?
Surveillance where dominant heterosexual masculinity is reinforced and femininity devalued
What can boys who don’t display their heterosexuality through the ‘male gaze’ be labelled as?
Gay
What do male peer groups use to reinforce their definitions of masculinity?
Verbal abuse
What do boys in anti-school subcultures accuse boys of being who want to do well in school according to Epstein and Willis?
Of being gay
How do w/c girls gain symbolic capital from their female peers according to Archer?
By performing a hyper-heterosexual feminine identity which is policed by female peers
What do Currie et al believe about shaming?
It is a social control device by which school girls police, regulate and discipline each other’s identities
‘Boffin identity’ developed by Reay
Girls who want to be educationally successful may feel need to conform to school’s nation of ideal feminine pupil identity
What did male teacher tell off boys for according to Haywood and Mac an Ghaill?
For ‘behaving life girls’ and teased them when they gained lower marks than girls
How did teachers react to boys’ verbal abuse towards girls according to Haywood and Mac an Ghaill?
They tended to ignore boys’ verbal abuse of girls and even blamed girls for attracting it
