Ethnic Differences in Achievment - Pupil Responses and Subcultures (Internal Factors)

Question 1

Which sociologist doesn’t accept that students can reject negative labelling?

Answer 1

Mirza

Question 2

Which sociologists accept that students can reject negative labelling

Answer 2

Fuller
Mac an Ghaill

Question 3

What do negative labels not automatically turn into?

Answer 3

Self-fulfilling prophecies

Question 4

What group did Fuller study at a comprehensive school?

Answer 4

A group of black year 11 girls who were untypical due to being high achievers in schools where most black girls were placed in low streams

Question 5

In Fuller’s study, what did the black girls do instead of accepting negative stereotypes?

Answer 5

They changed their anger about being labelled into pursuit of educational success

Question 6

In Fuller’s study, how did the black girls see teachers?

Answer 6

They saw them as racist and they didn’t seek approval of them

Question 7

In Fuller’s study, what was the extent of the black girls conformity?

Answer 7

They conformed only as far as schoolwork was concerned and they showed a deliberate lack of concern about school routines

Question 8

What does Fuller see the black girls behaviour as?

Answer 8

A way of dealing with demands of school success while remaining friends with the black girls of lower streams

Question 9

Three conclusions of Fuller’s study of year 11 black girls

Answer 9

Pupils will succeed even when they refuse to conform
Negative labelling doesn’t always lead to failure
No SFP

Question 10

Who did Mac an Ghaill study?

Answer 10

Black and Asian sixth formers

Question 11

In Mac an Ghaill’s study, what did the pupils’ response to labelling depend on?

Answer 11

Their ethnic group, gender and nature of their former schools

Question 12

Conclusion of Mac an Ghaill’s study of black and Asian sixth formers

Answer 12

A label doesn’t inevitably produce a SFP

Question 13

Who did Mirza study?

Answer 13

Ambitious black girls who faced reacher racism

Question 14

In Mirza’s study, what did racist teachers discourage black pupils from being?

Answer 14

Ambitious through advice about careers and option choices

Question 15

What three types of racism did Mirza identify in their study?

Answer 15

Colour blind
Liberal chauvinists (unreasonable belief of superiority)
Overt racism

Question 16

‘Colour blind’ teachers according to Mirza

Answer 16

Teachers who believed all pupils are equal but didn’t challenge racism

Question 17

‘Liberal chauvinists’ teachers according to Mirza

Answer 17

Teachers with low expectations of black pupils

Question 18

‘Overt racists’ teachers according to Mirza

Answer 18

Teachers who viewed black students as inferior and showed active discrimination

Question 19

How were the black girls in Mirza’s study unable to reject negative labelling?

Answer 19

They spent their time at school trying to avoid effect’s of teachers negative attitudes which restricted their opportunities

Question 20

What can effect black boys achievement according to Sewell?

Answer 20

Black boys responses to schooling, including racist stereotyping by teachers

Question 21

What three categories did Sewell put the black boys in?

Answer 21

Rebels
Conformists
Retreatists

Question 22

The rebels according to Sewell

Answer 22

Most visible and influential group but only made small minority of black pupils. Rejected school rules

Question 23

The conformists according to Sewell

Answer 23

Largest group. Boys were keen to succeed, accepted rules and had friends from different ethnic groups

Question 24

The retreatists according to Sewell

Answer 24

Tiny minority of isolated individuals. Disconnected from school and black subcultures

Question 25

What does the labelling theory show?

Answer 25

How teachers’ stereotypes can be a cause of failure