Ethnic Differences in Achievment - Labelling (Internal Factors)

Question 1

Differences in black children on entry to primary school compared to GCSEs according to Gillborn and Mirza

Answer 1

Black children were the highest achievers on entry to primary school but got the worst GCSE results compared to any other ethnic group

Question 2

What did Steve Strand find about black Caribbean boys progress compared to their white peers?

Answer 2

According to his analysis of the entire national cohort of over 530,000 7-11 year olds, they made significantly less progress than their white peers

Question 3

What do interactionalists focus on when looking at ethnic differences in achievement?

Answer 3

The different labels teachers give to children from different ethnic groups

Question 4

According to Gillborn and Youdell (G and Y), why are teachers quicker to discipline black pupils than white pupils for the same behaviour?

Answer 4

‘Racial expectations’

Question 5

What did teachers expect black pupils to present according to G and Y?

Answer 5

More problems worth disciplining

Question 6

What did teachers misinterpret black student behaviours as according to G and Y?

Answer 6

Threatening or a challenge to authority

Question 7

How did black pupils feel about teacher attitudes towards them according to G and Y?

Answer 7

They felt teachers underestimated their ability and picked on them

Question 8

What does much of the conflict between white teachers and black pupils stem from according to G and Y?

Answer 8

Racial stereotypes teachers hold, rather than pupils’ actual behaviour

Question 9

How do exclusions affect achievement according to Bourne (statistic)?

Answer 9

1/5 excluded pupils achieve five GCSEs

Question 10

What do negative labels given to black students lead to according t Bourne?

Answer 10

Exclusions

Question 11

What does Ulcer believe black pupils appear more likely to suffer from?

Answer 11

‘Internal exclusions’

Question 12

Result of negative racial stereotypes being placed on black pupils

Answer 12

Negative racial stereotypes result in black pupils being more likely to be placed in low sets and streams

Question 13

According to Foster, what are the results of teachers’ stereotypes of black pupils as badly behaved?

Answer 13

Results in teachers placing black pupils in lower sets than other pupils of the same ability

Question 14

What can streaming black pupils on basis of negative stereotypes about their ability or behaviour lead to?

Answer 14

A SFP or underachievement

Question 15

What does Wright’s study of multi-ethnic primary schools show about Asian pupils?

Answer 15

Shows that Asian pupils can also be victims of teachers’ labelling

Question 16

Ethnocentric views

Answer 16

Views that grant British culture and standard English as superior

Question 17

How did teachers’ assumptions of Asian pupils have negative effects on their learning or relationships with teachers according to Wright?

Answer 17

Teachers assumed Asian pupils would have a poor grasp of the English language so they wouldn’t include them in class discussions

Question 18

What did Asian pupils feel when teachers expressed disapproval of their customs or mispronounced their names according to Wright?

Answer 18

Isolated and marginalised