Ethnic Differences in Achievment - Pupil Identities and Institutional Racism (Internal Factors) Flashcards
What do teachers often define pupils as having?
Having stereotypical ethnic identities
What does dominant discourse mean?
Way of seeing something
What does Archer believe teachers’ dominant discourse defines ethnic minority pupils identities as?
Lacking favoured identity of the ideal pupil
Archer - features of the ideal pupil identity (5)
White
M/C
Masculinised identities
Heterosexual
Seen as achieving in ‘right’ way (through natural ability and initiative)
Archer - features of the pathologised pupil identity (4)
Asian
‘Deserving poor’
Feminised identity
Succeeds through hard work rather than natural ability
Archer - features of the demonised pupil identity (4)
Black or white
W/C
Hyper-sexualised identity
Seen as unintelligent, peer-led and a culturally-deprived underachiever
What pupil identities are ethnic minority pupils likely to be seen as?
Pathologised or demonised
What did teachers stereotype Asian girls as according to Archer?
Quiet, passive and/or submissive
What happened when Asian girls challenged their negative stereotypes by misbehaving according to Shain?
They were dealt with more severely than other pupils
Teachers’ views of Chinese boys according to Archer
‘Not properly masculine’
Why can Chinese students never occupy the identity of the ideal pupil according to Archer?
Because they are seen to achieve success in the ‘wrong way’ - through hard work rather than natural ability
What did teachers stereotype Chinese families as according to Archer?
As ‘tight’ and ‘close’
What is institutional racism?
When discrimination is written into the rules and routine practices of an institution, often unknowingly
What does the Critical Race Theory see racism as?
An ingrained feature of society
What does critical race theorist Roithmayr see institutional racism as?
A ‘locked-in inequality’
What does Gillborn see ethnic inequality as?
An inevitable feature of the education system as it is so deep-rooted and large
How does Gillborn link marketisation to ethnic differences in educational achievement
Marketisation gives schools more scope to select pupils, reinforcing ethnic inequality as school admissions staff can hold negative racial stereotypes
What does Gillborn argue about school application procedures?
Argues they might be biased in favour of white students
Examples of how schools are ethnocentric
Christian festivals (such as Christmas and Easter)
Canteen food
Language, manners and customs
Haircut policies
Uniform
Examples of how the curriculum is ethnocentric
Particular sports
History curriculum (mainly British/European history)
English literature (English writers such as Shakespeare and Jane Austin)
National curriculum
What does an ethnocentric curriculum describe?
Declined an attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture and viewpoint of one particular ethnic groups
Why do black children fail according to Keddie?
Ethnocentric schools in favour of white culture
