External Factors - Cultural Deprivation (Sugarman and Bernstein) Flashcards

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1
Q

Parenting style of mc

A

-Consistent discipline
-High expectations
-Encourage active learning

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2
Q

Income spent on education for mc parents

A

-Spend their income in ways that promote their children’s educational success
-More likely to buy educational toys

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3
Q

Behaviours of mc parents

A

-Educated parents more aware of what is needed to assist their children’s educational progress
-Reading with children
-Helping with homework

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4
Q

Children of better educated parents

A

They tend to have children who are more successful at school

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5
Q

What is a subculture?

A

A group whose attitudes and values differ from those of the mainstream culture

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6
Q

According to cultural deprivation theorists, why do some working class children fail at school?

A

Because large sections of the working class have different goals, beliefs, attitudes and values from the rest of society

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7
Q

What does Barry Sugarman (1970) argue about W/C subculture?

A

Working-class subculture has four key features that act as a barrier to educational achievement

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8
Q

Working class belief in fatalism

A

Belief in fate (what will be, will be) and there is nothing you can do to change your status

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9
Q

Middle class belief in fatalism

A

Emphasises that you can change your position through your own efforts

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10
Q

Working class belief in collectivism

A

Valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual

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11
Q

Middle class belief in collectivism

A

An individual should not be held back by group loyalties

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12
Q

Working class belief in immediate gratification

A

Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get a reward

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13
Q

Middle class belief in immediate gratification

A

Values emphasis deferred gratification - making sacrifices now for greater rewards later

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14
Q

Working class belief in present-time orientation

A

Seeing the present as more important than the future - not having long-term goals

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15
Q

Middle class belief in future-time orientation

A

Sees planning for the future as important

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16
Q

What are external factors?

A

Factors outside the education system, such as the influence of home and family background on wider society

17
Q

What do cultural deprivation theories suggest?

A

That the wc lack the necessary economic capital and views, attitudes and support that are needed to succeed in education

18
Q

Why does the wc lack the necessary economic capital for succeeding in education?

A

Because the mc are the dominant social group meaning they get to dictate what is needed for educational success

19
Q

According to Bernstein, what language codes do the wc use?

A

The restricted code

20
Q

According to Bernstein, what language codes do the mc use?

A

The elaborated code

21
Q

Qualities of the restricted code

A

-Limited vocabulary
-Short, grammatically simple sentences
-Predictable
-Descriptive
-Limited use of adjectives and adverbs

22
Q

Qualities of elaborated code

A

-Wide vocabulary range
-Grammatically complex
-Fully elaborative
-Abstract
-Universal
-Explanations

23
Q

What does formal education being carried out in elaborated code result in?

A

Those who use the restricted code being at a disadvantage

24
Q

What is the elaborated code the language of?

A

Exams, teachers and textbooks

25
Q

What did Bernstein believe that the elaborated code allowed individuals to do?

A

To deal with higher level concepts, developing arguments and making generalisations

26
Q

Evaluation of language codes

A

-Victim-blaming exercise
-Schools able to accommodate all language codes
-Children can switch between both codes when necessary

27
Q

Through the socialisation process, what do wc children internalise? What does this result in?

A

The beliefs and values of their subculture which results in them underachieving at school

28
Q

What does Sugarman believe about the differences in values of both social classes?

A

These differences in values exist from the fact that mc jobs are secure careers offering prospects for continual individual advancement

29
Q

What do compensatory education programmes aim to tackle?

A

Problems of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas

30
Q

What is Operation Head Start?

A

A multi-billion dollar scheme of pre-school education in poorer areas which aim was ‘planned enrichment’ of the deprived child’s environment

31
Q

What were sugarman’s four key features that act as a barrier to educational success?

A

Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate gratification
Present-time orientation