Gateway to the gut Flashcards
what differs between LEDC and MEDC food habits
hedonic - we can eat what we want for pleasure
other parts world have to eat for nutritional value
what nutrients does the sweet receptor sense
sugars as carbohydrate measure
what nutrients does the umami receptor sense
how is it activated
glutamic and aspartic acids activate receptor
measure of protein
what nutrients does the fat receptor sense
how is it acitvated
activated by free fatty acids
measure of oils/fats containing triglycerides and phospholipids
what nutrients does the bitter receptor sense
many toxic compounds bitter
avoidance mechanism
which receptor senses sodium
don’t know which receptor senses it but is sensed
what could acidity infer
spoiled food
no obvious nutrition link
where are the two places in the brain that signals are processed
olfactory bulb gustatory cortex
fronto-orbital cortex
what is the olfactory bulb gustatory cortex
primary odor, taste signal centres
what is the fronto-orbital cortex function
integrates all signals
develops ‘liking’ principle
food liked, more eaten
mouth-brain axis
where are taste and smell receptors located
around the body
especially gut
how is a nutrient detected
gut-brain axis
receptor and hormone signals sent to brain
sub-conscious message measures relative level of protein, carbohydrate, fat
indicates nutritional status of body
taste receptors in gut control first process of digestion
e.g. sweet - molecule hits receptor in gut, connected to cells that make enzymes for sugar digestion
what is the gut-brain-mouth-axis
brain uses nutritional status to modify sensitivity of taste signals in brain
e.g. if food has protein but no carbohydrate craving sweet can occur
consciously eat banana, sub-conscious - activate sugar receptors
why do we not always reach the nutritional goals we should
pleasure aspect often overrides reaching/excess target
how does a cat get all nutrients needed
MNP ratio only works if amount of food controlled or will overeat
choose to eat mixtures with particular fat/protein/carbohydrate ratio prefer higher fat/protein diet
