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Food + Physiology > Appetite and satiety > Flashcards

Appetite and satiety Flashcards

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1
Q

why is it important to understand the construction of food

A

can create foods by understanding ingredients used and process to construct microstructure we want in the body

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2
Q

what happens to the structure of food when eaten

A

deconstructed
go through GI tract and process change microstructure
enzymes, bodily fluid added

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3
Q

what occurs to food structure during reconstruction phase

A

interaction with body mucins
microstructure change due to enzyme action
re-assembly of structure as digestion function

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4
Q

what does satiety mean

A

feel full for prolonged period after eating

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5
Q

what does satiation mean

A

feel full while eating

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6
Q

what is the problem caused by the obesity epidemic

A

pre-curser to como-obesity

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7
Q

what is the oral phase

A

simulated salivary fluid

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8
Q

what is the gastric phase

A

simulated gastric fluid causes acidification in stomach

proteases e.g. pepsin added to break proteins

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9
Q

what is the intestinal phase

A

simulated intestinal fluid, bile salts added, other enzymes to simulate what happens in duodenum

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10
Q

what can be done if we understand the ingredients used to create something stable in gastric environment

A

can create oil in water emulsion that will be stable

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11
Q

what is homogeneity

A

fat droplets everywhere in stomach

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12
Q

what is heterogeneity

A

water layer at bottom of stomach, not many nutrients
oil layer on top where all nutrients are - high caloric load
(water phase empties first)

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13
Q

what is the effect when consume an acid stable meal

A

(acid stable is stable emulsion)
gastric volume high
nutrients delivered early
effect hormonal responses

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14
Q

which retains a higher gastric volume

  • solid and liquid
  • blended into soup
A

soup

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15
Q

which has a bigger effect on satiety

  • solid and liquid
  • blended into soup
A

soup

with solid and liquid meal get hunger faster

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16
Q

how may structures affect lipolysis

A

protein dominated fat digested quicker than polysaccharide dominated fat

17
Q

can bile salts be altered to affect lipolysis

A

unsure as they bind at the interphase of oil and water

facilitate glycolysis with lipase

18
Q

what happens to polymers when heat them

A

undergo micelle formation

19
Q

what happens when bile salts are increased

A

decrease polymer micelle formation

indicating making mixed micelles

20
Q

what is methylcellulose

A

hydrophobic polymer

21
Q

what is the effect of using a food hydrophobic polymer over a pharmaceutical one

A

non

22
Q

what occurs if fat not digested and is moved to other parts of the GI tract e.g. ileum

A

impact ileal brakes
fat sensed in ileum - feedback mechanism to stop eating, feeling of satiety
need to start digesting

23
Q

which droplets are digested faster

  • large droplets of emulsifier
  • lots of little droplets of emulsifier
A

large droplets of emulsifier faster

24
Q

if there is a large amount of emulsifier where is the oil

A

oil out of protein phase

25
Q

if there is a small amount of emulsifier where is the oil

A

oil in protein phase

26
Q

what happens when emulsifier increased in mixed emulsifier at oil interface

A

protein kicked off interface

27
Q

what happens when mixed emulsifiers at oil interface

A

two surface active molecules compete for surface

emulsifier more dominant

28
Q

why is the effect of emulsifier on own not shown when protein is being kicked off interface

A

think there are weak points at oil droplet interface

allow bile salts to influence digestion

29
Q

what happens to the oil droplet interface when emulsifiers added

A

proteins forced off

30
Q

what is alginate

A

polysaccharide take from brown seaweed

31
Q

what does alginate do

A

can alginate when low pH in stomach - create structures

gel mimics digestion in stomach

32
Q

what must gel formed from alginate be

A

strong so not broken down by grinding at bottom of stomach

33
Q

what is another alginate form

A

mixing polymers in stomach to make gel

Food + Physiology (17 decks)

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