Appetite regulation Flashcards
what is diet induced thermogenesis
body requires energy to digest food
what is hunger
desire to eat / physiological (internal) drive to eat
influenced by nutrients in bloodstream, eating patterns etc
what is appetite
dire to eat specific food/nutrient
psychology (external) drive to eat
often in absence of hunger
affected by many external forces
what is energy balance regulated by
regulated by hypothalamus
how is the energy kept balanced
series of interconnected loops some electrical most chemical
body releases signals turn on/off other signals through endocrine system
use hormones
what are the main organs and tissues involved in the hypothalamus’ journey
adipose tissue
GI tract
pancreas
liver
what does the endocrine system regulate
appetite and energy
what does overconsumption of food rich in fat or sugar lead to
increased adiposity
changes in behaviour
enforcement cycle - non-obese
brain reward system: equal - hedonic and homeostatic behaviour
reward system: responds to stimulus of especially palatable food - some pleasure and motivation generated
homeostatic control in the hypothalamus and brain stem:
decrease in hunger (ghrelin release)
increase in satiety (insulin and leptin release)
what is excess weight linked to
higher risk of
- type2- diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
is it better for aroma and taste to be perceived together or separate
can be perceived separately
together they synergistically enhance flavour through cross-modal flavour enhancement
how do we believe we can control the early stage of satiation - when stop eating
can control point at which stop eating by regulating pleasure of the meal
increased pleasantness = increased desire to eat
what induces a stronger sensory-specific appetite for savoury food
something that has sweetness intensity
what leads to longer feelings of satiety
cross-modal flavour modulates have short term feelings of hunger - least hungry consuming (aroma and taste drink) before eating compared to just aroma or just taste
enforcement cycle - obese
brain reward system: hedonic overrides homeostatic behaviour
reward system: responds to stimulus of especially palatable food - lots of pleasure and motivation generated
homeostatic control in hypothalamus and brain stem:
still hunger
no satiation as resistance to the leptin and insulin
