gammopathies

Question 1

increases albumin

Answer 1

dehydration

Question 2

decreases albunim

Answer 2

1. cachexia
2. chronic infections
3. malnutrition
4. pregnancy
5. nephrotic syndrome
6. anything you lose from your body that is protein and shouldn’t be lost: hemorrhage, burns, protein wasting enteropathies
7. impaired liver function (anything that causes)
   8.

Question 3

alpha 1: increase

Answer 3

pregnancy

Question 4

alpha 1: decreases

Answer 4

alpha 1 anti trypsin deficiency

Question 5

alpha 2: increase

Answer 5

1. adrenal insufficiency (autoimmune most common cause)
2. adrenocorticolsteroids
3. advanced DM
4. nephrotic syndrome
   5.

Question 6

alpha 2: decrease

Answer 6

liver disease

malnutrition

megaloblastic anemia

protein wasting enteropathies

wilson’s dz

Question 7

beta Ig: increase

Answer 7

Carcinoma sometimes

cushing’s

nephrosis

third trimester preg

billary cirrhosis

obstructive jaundice

malignant HTN

diabetes

polyarteritis nodosa

hypothyroidism

Question 8

beta IG: decrease

Answer 8

protein malnutrition

Question 9

gamma Ig

Answer 9

1. lymphomas, malig
2. hodgkins
3. waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
4. multiple myeloma
5. chronic infections (granulomatous conditions)
6. cirrhosis
7. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
8. amyloidosis
9. rheumatoid & collagen diseases (connective tissue disorders)
10. amyloidosis

Question 10

gamma ig decrease

Answer 10

1. Agammaglobulinemia
2. hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 11

1. a person between 50 and 70
2. serum M protein less than 3gm/dl
3. no bone lesions
4. no solitary plasmacytomas
5. no hypercalcemia or amyloid
6. no bence jones proteins found

how likely will this person develop into a worse disease and what can be done about it?

Answer 11

less than 1% will develop into MM or another plasma cell dyscrasia

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance

this is the most common plasma cell dyscrasia

the only thing the clinician can do is peform periodic serum measurements for protein M

Question 12

1. patient between 50-60
2. LAD+
3. pallor
4. labs reveal large quantities of immunoglobin M proteins
5. Russel bodies+
6. Dutcher bodies+

Answer 12

Lymphocytoplacytic Lymphoma

Question 13

1. kidney disease, bone lesions, 8;14 t, cyclin D upreg, hypercalcem, IgG (M protein) 55%; IgA (M protein) 25%
2. MYD88 mutations, IgM protein abundant—> hyperviscosity disease —> plasmaphoeresis is curative

Answer 13

1. multiple myeloma
2. lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

Question 14

1. 65-70
2. african american
3. male
4. fatigue, muscle weakness, confusion
5. polyuria
6. CD138+
7. syndecan-1 (also known as?)+
8. cytologic analysis reveals cells with multiple protrusions or droplets in the cytoplasm, and cells with red cytoplasm

Answer 14

Multiple Myeloma

1. most common age groups
2. most common ethnic group
3. most common gender effected
4. effects of hypercalcemia
5. polyuria- explains confusion
6. tumor marker CD138+ = syndecan 1
7. syndecan 1 = CD138 tumor marker
8. grapelike bunches of droplet like forms in the cytoplasm –> Mott Cells
9. Flame cells = red cytoplasm

Question 15

which interleukin is importnat