Fundamentals Prelim Flashcards
Which detect changes in magnetic fields, are fundamental in various applications, including automotive and industrial.
Hall Effect Sensors,
It is a device, whose resistance varies according to intensity of light it is subjected to
Light Dependent Resistor
A greatly benefits from filters, which are designed to remove unwanted components from the signal, ensuring signal integrity and clarity.
Signal processing
Are chips that contain both digital and analog circuitry on the same chip.
Mixed-Signal ICs
In sensor circuits are primarily used for clean switching operations, demonstrating the need for noise immunity in digital systems
Schmitt triggers
Essential in thermal imaging, operate by detecting changes in the electrical resistance of a material in response to infrared radiation. This principle underscores the intersection of material science and sensor technology.
Microbolometers
A characterized by the output difference when measurements are approached from different directions, reflecting the non-linear behavior of sensors.
Sensor Hysteresis
A data acquisition systems play a pivotal role by allowing only signals with frequencies lower than a certain cutoff to pass through, crucial for maintaining signal fidelity.
Low-Pass Filters
A change resistance under mechanical stress, are a cornerstone in pressure sensing technologies. Chopper Stabilized Amplifiers provide stability against DC offset and drift, crucial in maintaining signal integrity
Piezoresistive Sensors
which produce an electrical charge when mechanically stressed, exemplify the direct conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Piezoelectric Sensors
The concept of sensor fusion, which involves harmonizing different sensor outputs, presents a unique challenge. It underscores the intricacy of integrating diverse data sources to create a cohesive understanding of the environment
Sensor Networks
Are those which require an external excitation signal or a power signal.
Active Sensors
A sensor circuits prevent the sensor from adversely affecting the signal source, ensuring the integrity of the signal being measured.
Buffer Amplifiers
Adjusting screen brightness on smartphone
Light Sensoir
A non-contact type sensor that detects the presence of an object.
Proximity Sensor
Detect light intensity and color, have a wide array of applications, from digital imaging to environmental monitoring, highlighting the diverse capabilities of sensor technologies in modern electronics.
Optical Sensors
A sensor DC not require any external power signal and directly generates output response.
Passive Sensors,
Used as a sound sensor, captures sound waves and converts them into electrical signals. This transformation allows devices to analyze or amplify the sound.
Microphone
Is a go-to gadget for detecting motion. It works by picking up infrared light from objects in its viewing area.
Passive Infrared Sensor
Measures temperature by detecting thermal radiation or changes in heat. These sensors are essential for monitoring and controlling temperature in various applications.
Thermal Sensor
Detects and measures the presence or concentration of chemical substances in an environment. It converts this chemical information into an electrical signal for analysis.
Chemical Sensor
Sensor uses radio waves to read and capture information stored on a tag attached to an object. It helps in tracking and identifying items without needing direct contact or a line of sight.
Radio Frequency Identification
Detects light and changes in light intensity. It converts this information into an electrical signal that devices can understand.
Optical sensor
Are used in many areas. You’ll see them in bathroom scales, kitchen scales, and industrial equipment where precise weight measurement is crucial. They help ensure accuracy in manufacturing, packaging, and even in everyday household items.
Strain and Weight Sensors
_ are integrated circuits that contain both analog and digital circuitry on one chip.
Mixed-signal ICs
An _ is a continuous time-varying signal,
analog signal
_ is a noncontinuous signal
digital signal
From NEC standards, the _ is defined as any electric circuit that energizes the signaling equipment.
signal circuit
The term _ implies that both analog and digital processing is done as part of the system.
mixed signal processing
A _ contributes to the entire life cycle of a mixed signal integrated circuit.
mixed signal design engineer
___
These _ does processing of analog and digital signals together.
Mixed-signal Integrated Chip (IC)
Mixed-signal ICs
___ feature a digital crossbar that functions like a programmable switch-fabric, allowing designers to route digital peripherals to available I/O pins.
Mixed-signal MCUs
_ primarily detect changes in capacitance, a crucial aspect in touch-sensitive technology.
Capacitive touch sensors
_ rely on the Coriolis force for their operation, demonstrating the application of physical principles in microscale devices.
MEMS gyroscopes
_ distinguish themselves from standard transistors through their light sensitivity, an essential feature in optoelectronics.
Phototransistors
The _, a fundamental circuit in sensor technology, is primarily used for precise resistance measurement, highlighting its
significance in various sensing applications.
Wheatstone bridge
In radio technology, the _ uses a mixer for frequency conversion, illustrating the complex processes involved in
radio signal processing.
superheterodyne receiver
_ is a critical measure of energy absorption by the body, underscoring the importance of safety in wireless technologies.
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
_ in ADCs emphasize the importance of the oversampling ratio, underlining the role of digital signal processing in enhancing analog signals.
Delta-sigma modulators
_ are known for their high accuracy in position sensing, demonstrating the precision achievable in electromechanical systems.
LVDTs (Linear Variable Differential Transformers)
_ are renowned for their extreme sensitivity, especially
in detecting minute magnetic fields.
SQUID sensors
_, the ability to reject unwanted signals, is a vital aspect in ensuring accurate measurements.
Sensor selectivity
_, a lag in response indicative of the dynamic behavior of magnetic materials.
Magnetic sensors exhibit hysteresis
_ in sensor circuits are primarily used for clean switching operations, demonstrating the need for noise immunity in digital systems.
Schmitt triggers
_ in sensors refers to the unwanted interference from external factors, a challenge in ensuring sensor accuracy.
Cross-sensitivity
_, which change resistance under mechanical stress, are a cornerstone in pressure sensing technologies.
Piezoresistive sensors
_ provide stability against DC offset and drift, crucial in maintaining signal integrity.
Chopper Stabilized Amplifiers
_ are valued for their simplicity and reliability in various sensing applications.
Reed switches
_ measure changes in resistance due to deformation, a principle widely used in mechanical stress analysis.
Strain gauges
_ generate voltage signals through the Seebeck effect, illustrating the conversion of thermal energy to electrical signals.
Thermopile sensors
In high-frequency sensor circuits, _ play a key role in noise reduction, highlighting the importance of filtering unwanted signals.
capacitors
_ operate on micro-electro-mechanical displacement detection, showcasing the miniaturization of mechanical systems.
MEMS-based inertial sensors
_ use oversampling primarily to improve resolution
through noise shaping, a technique that demonstrates the sophistication in analog-to-digital conversion.
Sigma-delta ADCs
_ is characterized by the output difference when measurements are approached from different directions, reflecting the non-linear behavior of sensors.
Sensor hysteresis
In mixed-signal circuit design, _ , a time-domain phenomenon, affects timing accuracy, emphasizing the need for precision in digital and analog integration.
jitter
_ rely on the piezoelectric effect, underlining the integration of material properties in sensor design.
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors
_ sensors utilize wavelength reflection changes in light, a principle fundamental in optical sensing.
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)
_ isolate and amplify signals at specific frequencies, a critical function in signal processing.
Lock-in amplifiers
_ in laser sensors increases pulse energy, enhancing the capabilities of laser technology.
Chirped Pulse Amplification
_, image signals are transferred via charge transfer between
capacitive bins, a process central to digital imaging.
Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)
_ function based on the principle that a magnetic field varies proportionally with the current flow.
Hall Effect sensors
_ significantly enhances signal processing in mixed-signal circuits by
synchronizing the phase of an output signal with a reference, demonstrating the critical role of phase alignment in communications and signal processing.
Phase Locked Loop (PLL) technology