Fundamentals of Histology Flashcards
What are the histological features of SCC?
> Keratin production
> Intracellular bridges
What are the histological features of Adenocarcinoma?
> Mucin production
> Glandular
What are the histological features of Transitional cell carcinomas?
> Bladder cancer
Uroepithelium
Mostly papillary
What are the histological features of malignant melanomas?
> Pigmented > Asymmetrical > Poorly circumscribed > ulcerated > Raised
What are the histological features of Lymphoma?
> High collection of lymphocytes within a tissue
What are potential sites of origin for an SCC?
> Skin > Head and neck > Oesophagus > Anus > Cervix > Vagina
What are potential sites of origin for an Adenocarcinoma?
> Lung > Breast > Stomach > Colon > Pancreas
What are potential sites of origin for a transitional cell carcinoma?
> Bladder
What are potential sites of origin for a malignant melanoma?
> Skin
What are potential sites of origin for a lymphoma?
> lymph nodes
What are the cytological features of neutrophils?
> Multi lobed nuclei (3-5)
Purple granules
Acute inflammation (Acute appendicitis)
What are the cytological features of lymphocytes?
> Large nucleus
> Chronic inflammation (Chronic gastritis)
What are the cytological features of plasma cells?
> Large lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm
What are the cytological features of eosinophils?
> Bi-lobed nuclei
Multiple red granules
Allergy, parasites, tumour (Hodgkin’s disease as reaction to neoplastic processes)
What are the cytological features of mast cells?
> Round nucleus
> Granulated
What are the cytological features of macrophages?
> One Large Horse Shoe nucleus
Membrane bound lysosomes
Late acute inflammation, chronic inflammation (incl. granulomas)
Give 3 examples of histochemical stains
> Fontana: +ve for melanin
Congo Red: +ve for Amyloid (Apple green birefringence)
Prussian Blue: +ve for iron (haemochromatosis)
Give 3 examples of immunochemical stains
CD45: +ve for lymphoid cells
Cytokeratin: Epithelial marker
Immunoperoxidase (general staining)
What are neutrophils associated with?
Acute inflammation like acute appendicitis
What causes caseous necrosis?
TB
What causes non caseating lesions?
Sarcoidosis
What does Ziehl Nielson stain help?
Differentiating TB and Sarcoid
Acid fast stain
What is a immunohistochemical stain?
Based on using an antibody specific to an antigen in the tissue.
Need a detection system to make this binding visible.
If a liver met is CK20+ and CK7- (done via immunohistochemistry) where is the primary?
Large bowel
