Extra haematology Flashcards
What can you do with tissue biopsy to establish diagnosis?
Morphology
Immunophenotype
Cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
What surface markers can show us which lymphocyte malignancy is present?
T cell- CD3/4
B cells- TDT (immature) / Ig (if mature)
What do you look for in Morphology?
- malignant cells; large or small, mature or immature?
2. Lymph node diffuse invasion or forming follicles?
What do you look for in Immunophenotype?
- myeloid or lymphoid? T or B lineage?
2. stage of maturation precursor or mature?
What do you look for in cytogenetics?
- Philadelphia Chromosome > CML.
- Prognostic information eg Chromosome 17p del in CLL
- t(8;14) activates c-myc oncogene in Burkitt Lymphoma
What do you look for in Molecular genetics?
- JAK2 mutation in suspected polycythemia vera
2. BCR-ABL1 cDNA detection and quantification
How do you differentiated B cell ALL and multiple myeloma?
B cell Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
TdT +ve
CD19 +ve
Surface Immunoglobulin -ve
Multiple myeloma
TdT negative
Surface Immunoglobulin +ve
CD138 positive
What are some appropriate treatments for haematology cancers?
An abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor for CML
Combination chemotherapy for acute leukaemias
Chemo+immunotherapy for lymphomas
Watch and wait for indolent lymphomas
If bloods come back with a high skew to kappa or lambda what does that mean?
Monoclonal mature B cells
What is Budd Chiari?
Budd-Chiari syndrome is a condition in which the hepatic veins (veins that drain the liver) are blocked or narrowed by a clot (mass of blood cells). This blockage causes blood to back up into the liver, and as a result, the liver grows larger.
