Functional Groups Flashcards
Amine group
H H \ / N l R
Carboxylic Acid
O
ll
R—-C—OH
Ketone structure
O ll C / \ R R
Primary Amine structure
H H \ .. / N l R
Ex NH3
Ether structure
O
/ \
R R
Aldehyde structure
O ll C / \ R H
Alcohol structure
O
/ \
R H
Phenol structure
______
/ \___OH
\______/
Phenyl group
______
R—/ \
\_______/
Alkene
C=C
Methyl (alkane) C-C
H | R--C--H | H
Ethyl (alkane) C-C
H H | | R-- C-----C--H | | H H
Carboxylate
O
||
R—C—O-
Ester
O
||
R–C–O–R
Anhydride
R–C–O–C–R
|| ||
O O
Phosphate
O- | -O--- P---O- || O
TertiaryAmine
3 R groups
.. N / | \ R1 R2 R3
Secondary Amine
2 R groups .. N / | \ R1 R2 H
Quaternary Amine
R1 | R3--- N+---R4 / / R2
Amide
O || R-- C--N--R \ R
Ex: O H
|| /
–C–N—
Sulfhydryl
R–S–H
Ex: |
—C—S–H
|
Disulfide
R1–S–S–R2
Ex:
| |
–C–S–S–C–
| |
-CH2-CH3
Alkane (ethyl)
-OH
Alcohol
C-O-C
Ether
-COOH
Carboxylic acid
NH2
Amine
-PO4
Phosphate
-SO4
Sulfate
_
-C=C-
Alkene
C-NH2
Primary amine
-CH3
Methyl
-CH2-
Methylene
C-OH
Alcohol
C-O-C
Ether
Ketone
Carbonyl between two carbons
Primary amine
Nitrogen attached to 1 carbon
Secondary Amine
Nitrogen attached to 2 carbons
Aldehyde
Carbonyl with at least one hydrogen
Tertiary amine
Nitrogen attached to three carbons
Disulfide
To Sulfurs between two carbons
-C-S-S-C-
Carbonyl
C=O
Quarternary amine
Nitrogen with +1 charge attached to 4 carbons
Carboxylic acid
Carbonyl with a hydroxyl
Sulfhydryl
-H-S-
Ester
Carbonyl attached to an alcohol oxygen