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Biochemistry > 2 Amino acids > Flashcards

2 Amino acids Flashcards

0
Q

A-

Non polar

A

Ala-Alanine- has 3 carbons

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1
Q

G-

Non polar

A

Gly- glycine- only non chiral AA

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2
Q

V-

Non polar

A

Val- Valine- branched chain AA

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3
Q

L-

Non polar

A

Leu-Leucine- branches chain AA

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4
Q

I-

Non polar

A

Ile- isoleucine- branched chain AA

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5
Q

P-

Non polar

A

Pro- Proline- only non flexible AA

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6
Q

M-

A

Met- Methionine- sulfur AA

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7
Q

Amino acids with methyl group as side chain

A

Alanine

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8
Q

Amino acids forms ring with Nitrogen and side group

A

Proline

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9
Q

F-

Aromatic

A

Phe- Phenylalanine

Aromatic AA

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10
Q

Y-

Aromatic

A

Tyr- tyrosine- has an OH group

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11
Q

W-

Aromatic

A

Trp- Tryptophan

Largest letter and tryptophan. Is the largest AA

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12
Q

One letter code for phenylalanine

A

F

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13
Q

S-

Polar uncharged

A

Ser- Serine- alcohol group

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14
Q

T-

Polar uncharged

A

Thr- threonine- alcohol group

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15
Q

C-

Polar uncharged

A

Cys- cysteine- sulfur group

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16
Q

N-

Polar uncharged

A

Asn- asparagine- amide of Asp

  • has amide group so this shows N group
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17
Q

Q-

Polar uncharged

A

Gln- Glutamine- Amide of Glu

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18
Q

D-

Negatively charged

A

Asp- Aspartate “asparDick acid”

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19
Q

E-

Negative charged

A

Glu-glutamate

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20
Q

K-

Positively charges

A

Lys- Lysine- amine side group

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21
Q

R-

Positively charges

A

Arg-arginine- guanadino side group

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22
Q

H-

Positively charged

A

His- Histidine- neutral at pH 7.4, negatively charged only at more acidic pH’s

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23
Q

Most amino acids are composed of:

A

L- amino acids

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24
Q

What is zwitterion ?

A

A molecule with equal numbers of positive and negative charges at the same time

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25
Q

What is the side group on G?

A

-H

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26
Q

Which of the following amino acids is aromatic?

A

F

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27
Q

Which amino acid is the most abundant in our blood?

A

Glutamine

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28
Q

What is the one letter code for the aromatic amino acid with the largest molecular weight?

A

W

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29
Q

Which of the following amino acids has an acidic side group?

A

E

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30
Q

The amino acid S has an alcohol on it side group

A

T

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31
Q

What is the one letter abbreviation for tryptophan?

A

W

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32
Q

C has a side group of

A

Sulfur

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33
Q

D has a side group of

A

Acid

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34
Q

F has a side group of

A

Aromatic

35
Q

K has a side group of

A

Basic

36
Q

Which amino acid has a hydrogen as it site group?

A

Glycine

37
Q

At what pH with glycine make a good buffer

A

2.34

38
Q

At what pH would there be about a 50 to 50 make sure of glycine with a zero charge and glycine with a -1 charge?

A

9.60

39
Q

For the peptide EHWAGLRPG, what is the closest charge at pH 7.4?

A

0

40
Q

What is the configuration of the citrulline shown in the attached image

A

L

41
Q

At pH of eight, what is the closest charge that would be on histidine?

A

0

42
Q

At pH of four, what is the closest charge that would be on histidine?

A

+1

43
Q

What pH would there be about a 50:50 ratio of lysine with a positive one charge in the zero charge?

A

2.34

44
Q

What is the PI for glycine

A

5.97

45
Q

At what pH with glycine make a good buffer?

A

9.60

46
Q

DNA has a phosphoric acid backbone, which is why DNA is called deoxyribonucleic acid. At the pH of cells, do you need to be in it’s phosphate state and that’s very negatively charged. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, which are very positively charged. What amino acids would you expect to be providing those positive charges?

A

H, K, and R

47
Q

Glycine has pKa’s of 2.34 and 9.69. At what pH is glycine fully proton acted?

A

Less than 2.34

48
Q

Glycine structure

Non polar aliphatic

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
          H****

Glycine

49
Q

Alanine structure

Non polar aliphatic

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
         CH3*****

Alanine

50
Q

Proline structure

Non polar aliphatic

A 
COO-
         l
        C
       /   \. 
H2N+   CH2*
l              l
*H2C--- CH2*

Proline

51
Q

Valine structure

Non polar aliphatic

A 
COO-
            l
H3N+- C -H
            l
          CH*
       /        \
    CH3*     CH3*

Valine

52
Q

Leucine structure

Non polar aliphatic

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
         CH2*
          l
         CH*
      /      \
CH3      CH3*

Leucine

53
Q

Isoleucine structure

Non polar aliphatic

A 
COO-
            l
H3N+-C-H
           l
   H-    C- CH3*
           l
         CH2*
          l
        CH3*

Isoleucine

54
Q

Methionine structure

Non polar aliphatic

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
        CH2*
          l
        CH2*
         l
        S*
         l
       CH3*

Methionine- sulfur bases and non polar

55
Q

Phenylalanine structure

Aromatic r groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
         CH2
           l
     ---------
  /                \
  \\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/

Phenylalanine (rings make them more polar)

56
Q

Tyrosine structure

Aromatic R groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
         CH2
           l
     ---------
  /                \
  \\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/
           l
         OH

Tyrosinemost polar*

57
Q

Tryptophan structure

Aromatic R groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
         CH2
           l
           C= CH
            l       \
            l       NH
            l\_\_\_\_/
     ---------
  /                \
  \\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_/
Tryptophan
58
Q

Serine structure

Polar uncharged R groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
       CH2OH**

Serine

59
Q

Threonine structure

Polar, uncharged R group

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
     H- C- OH*
          l
      CH3*

Threonine

60
Q

Cysteine structure

Polar, uncharged R group

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
       CH2
         l
       SH
61
Q

Asparagine structure

Polar, uncharged r groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
       CH2
         l
       C
     /    \
H2N     O

Asparagine

62
Q

Glutamine structure

Polar, uncharged R groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
       CH2
         l
      CH2
        l
       C
      /    \\
H2N     O

Glut amine

63
Q

Aspartate structure

Negatively charged R groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
        CH2**
           l
       COO-**

Aspartate

64
Q

Glutamate structure

Negatively charged R groups

A 
COO-
           l
H3N+-C-H
           l
         CH2**
           l
        CH2**
           l
       COO-**

Glutamate

65
Q

Lysine structure

Positively charges

A 
COO-
         l
H3N-C-H
         l
       CH2
          l
       CH2  
          l
       CH2
          l
       CH2
         l
      \+NH3

Lysine - Always + charged

66
Q

Arginine structure

Positively charged

A 
COO-
         l
H3N-C-H
         l
       CH2
          l
       CH2  
          l
       CH2
          l
       NH
         l
         C=+NH2
         l
     NH2

Arginine - always positive amino acid

67
Q

Histidine structure

Positively charged

A 
COO-
         l
H3N+-C-H
         l
       CH2
          l
       C----NH  
        ll       \
        ll        CH
        ll        //
       C-----N
        H

Histidine- sometimes positive when in acidic environment

68
Q

Which two amino acids are the only two that carry a negative charge at pH 7.4?

A

Aspartate and glutamate

69
Q

What is the pH at which one have 10 times more of the acidic or basic form of the drug aspirin?

pKa=3.5

A

pH=pKa+ log 10( base/ acid)
pH= 3.5 + log10(1/10)

2.5

70
Q

How many acids are nonpolar?

A

10 non polar

Glycine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, proline, leucine, Isoleucine.

GAVPTTMPLI

71
Q

How many amino acids are polar?

A

10 amino acids are polar

Serine, cysteine threonine, lysine, arginine, histidine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, glutamate.

SCYLAHAGAG

72
Q

How do you calculate charges on proteins?

A

You find the charges of each amino acid in total them up to be the total charge of the protein.

Arginine +1,
Aspartate -1,
glutamate -1,
Lysine has +1

Histidine sometimes +1 at pH less than 6

73
Q

What happens when 2 Cysteine molecules pair together?

A

The S amino acid undergoes spontaneous oxidation reaction with oxygen…. Forms a

Disulfide bridge- 2 cysteine a link together

74
Q

Desmosome

A

Made up of 4 lysines and creates a central ring

Large cross-link within the protein to make it stronger. These are found in protein elastin which are found in our skin.

75
Q

Amino acids can act as a buffer within

A

1 pH unit of its pKa

76
Q

The pI is the pH at which a titratable molecule has

A

No charge. This is called the isoelectric point.

77
Q

The definition of pI is?

A

The form that has no net charge

78
Q

At the pK1 the amino acid is:

A

A 50:50 mixture of protonated vs deportenated carboxylate group

79
Q

What are the two nonstandard amino acids?

A

Ornithopter and Citrulline

80
Q

Which molecular mutation best describes the defect in sickle cell hemoglobin?

A

Glu➡️Cal at position 6 of the beta chain

81
Q

Most amino acids will be in what confirmation

A

Left confirmation

82
Q

Determine the L and D structures by comparing to:

A

L and D glyceraldehyde molecule

       CHO
        l
HO- C- H
        l
     CH2OH
L- Glyceraldehyde
For the R, just switch the H and OH sides
83
Q

What is a zwitterion?

A 
It is a molecule that has both positive and negative charges make it ionic but it is also neutral because these charges cancel each other out.
           O
           ll
   -O-- C
            l
H3N+--C-H
           l
          R
Zwitterion
84
Q

Sickle cell anemia is when:

A

The -Glu➡️Val (neutral) on position #6 of the beta chain.

Sickle cell causes fibers to turn into Crystal forms and these cause they sell to sickle out.

The cell becomes less negatively charged which makes it less water soluble because it is also less polar.

85
Q

Electrophoresis of sickle cell hemoglobin

A

The normal hemoglobin will move faster towards a positively charged electrode because the negative is attracted to positive. The sickle cell hemoglobin will move slower towards the positively charged electrode because the sickle cell hemoglobin is less negatively charged so it won’t move this quickly.

Biochemistry (18 decks)

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