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Biochemistry > 2 Lipids > Flashcards

2 Lipids Flashcards

0
Q

Which the following will have the highest melting point?

A

C 18:0

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1
Q

Which of the following is derived from cholesterol?

A

Vitamin D

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2
Q

If grease from cooking clogs your kitchen sink, which the following agents is most likely to degrade and dissolve the triglyceride component of this grease?

A

NaOH

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3
Q

It’s a vegetable oil is hydrogenated, how does this affect its physical properties?

A

The melting point increases

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4
Q

Which six of the following are derived from isoprenoids?

A 
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Solicit
CoQ
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5
Q

What two varieties do fatty acids come in?

A

Saturated and unsaturated

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6
Q

Fatty acids are:

A

Typically hydrocarbons that have carboxylic acid had grapes. They come into varieties such as saturated and unsaturated. The only difference between saturated and unsaturated is that unsaturated has a double bond.

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7
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids will have:

A

Double bonds

Has cis- double bonds

bonds will tell you what degree they are in

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8
Q

What will the last carbon on the carbon chain be called?

A

Omega

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9
Q

Know how to interpret name of carbon chain:

18:3

A

18 carbon long chain

3 degrees of unsaturation or 3 double bonds

Double bonds located at carbons 9,12,15

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10
Q

Omega fatty acids:

A

Name them by counting the closest double bond to the omega carbon.

Ex: omega 6- it was 6 carbons away from the first double bond

Can have omega 3,6,9

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11
Q

Which of the following is an unsaturated acid?

A

C16:1

The 1 represents a double bond so it would be unsaturated

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12
Q

Which of the following is an omega six fatty acid?

A

C18:2 Delta 9,12

*12 is 6 spaces away from omega

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13
Q

Glycerol is:

A

A reduced sugar that is a 3 carbon sugar with 3 alcohol groups on it

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14
Q

Triglycerides are based on which molecule…

A

Glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acids

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15
Q

Triglycerides are made by:

A

Glycerol is an alcohol and it reacts with the carboxylic head groups of the fatty acid to make an Ester. This esterifies the 3 fatty acids to the same glycerol molecule which makes the triglyceride.

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16
Q

Triglycerides are also known as:

A

Treacly glycerol
Fats
Oils

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17
Q

The difference between fats and oils are:

A

The degree of and saturation. The more unsaturation is the more liquid the it will be. Unsaturated is mostly oil in the saturated are usually solid at room temperature.

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18
Q

Unsaturated fat’s are liquid because:

A

The double bonds that are present on the molecule. This causes a kink in the tail and they can’t pack together into a solid Crystal so they are more of a fluid material.

Butter= soft crystal
Oil= no crystal because of double bonds won't pack together
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19
Q

Which one of the following factors decreased the fluidity of a fat?

A

Increasing length of the fatty acid’s

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20
Q

Olestra is ____ fat

A

Fake fat

This is actually a real fat but the fatty acid esterified to the sucrose molecule. The table sugar is 0 cal because the enzymes and I got don’t recognize them and therefore can’t digest them so there are no calories.

21
Q

Diglycerides- membrane lipid structure

A

2 fatty acid’s
1 glycerol
Phosphate
Polar head group

22
Q

Phosphatidylcholine (ex: membrane lipid)

A 
3 carbon glycerol "backbone"
Phosphate group
Polar head group
Saturated fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty acid
23
Q

Plasmalogen

Variation of diacelylglycerols

A

3 carbon backbone
1 ether group
1 ester group(Carboxylic acid chain)

24
Q

Platelet activating factor structure:

A

Carbon backbone
1st chain is ether group instead of ester
2nd chain is tiny fatty acid

25
Q

Sphingolipids are the same as membrane lipids with minor variations:

A

Based on molecule sphingosine

Tail that looks just like fatty acid..continuous of backbone called sphingosine

3 carbons that are like backbone but in reversed in place of glycerol

Fatty acid molecule attached with amide bond

Phosphate group

Polar head

26
Q

Plasmalogen:

A

Contains an ether group at position one

27
Q

Diacylglycerol

A

Contains two fatty acid esterified to a glycerol

28
Q

Triglyceride

A

Contains three fatty acid esterified to a glycerol

29
Q

Phospho diglyceride

A

Contains two fatty acids esterified to glycerol and phosphate and polar head

30
Q

Olestera

A

Contains six fatty acids esterified to a sucrose

31
Q

Sphingolipid

A

Contains amide bonds on the structure

32
Q

Sphingosine a relate to blood type because:

A

They are part of the antigen formation. Sphingosine is the first chain of the antigens for the blood type. Oligosaccharides are attached to this overall chain to make the specific type of blood.

33
Q

The type of lipid on a blood group antigen:

A

A sphingolipid

34
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

Hexosaminidase A disorder

35
Q

Gauchers disease

A

Defect in glucocerebrosidase

36
Q

Generalized gangliosidosis

A

Defect in beta galactosidase

37
Q

I- cell disease

A

Failure to place a mannose-6-phosphate on the lysosomal enzymes

38
Q

Steroids are made from

A

Cholesterol

39
Q

Steroids are made out of how many fused rings?

A

Steroids are made out of four fused rings.

There are six classic steroid hormones.

40
Q

Vitamin D-3 is made from steroid:

A

Dehydrocholesterol

The fourth ring in this steroid is broken to form D3 molecule

41
Q

Isoprenoids are made from:

A

Repeating 5 carbon units.

An example would be beta karotine that is used to make vitamin A for our eyesight.

42
Q

Isoprenoid vitamin a is used for:

A

Antioxidant

43
Q

Isoprenoid vitamin K is used for

A

Blood clotting cofactor

44
Q

Isoprenoid Warfarin is used for

A

A blood anticoagulant

Acts as an inhibitor against vitamin k

45
Q

Isoprenoid ubiquinone is used for

A

Hey my chondrule electron carrier also known as coenzyme Q. This is an antioxidant found in the membranes.

46
Q

Arachnid ionic acid derivatives(cyclized forms)

A

Prostaglandin-pain

Thromboxane-clotting

Leukotriene

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are inhibitors to their formation

Aspirin blocks pain and clotting formation so inhibits the two acid derivative forms.

47
Q

Isoprenoid

A

Has 5 carbons

48
Q

Cholesterol

A

Has 4 fused rings

49
Q

Vitamin D

A

Made from cholesterol

50
Q

CoQ 10

A

Contains 10 isoprenes in tail

51
Q

Rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency

Biochemistry (18 decks)

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