2 Lipids Flashcards
Which the following will have the highest melting point?
C 18:0
Which of the following is derived from cholesterol?
Vitamin D
If grease from cooking clogs your kitchen sink, which the following agents is most likely to degrade and dissolve the triglyceride component of this grease?
NaOH
It’s a vegetable oil is hydrogenated, how does this affect its physical properties?
The melting point increases
Which six of the following are derived from isoprenoids?
Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin K Solicit CoQ
What two varieties do fatty acids come in?
Saturated and unsaturated
Fatty acids are:
Typically hydrocarbons that have carboxylic acid had grapes. They come into varieties such as saturated and unsaturated. The only difference between saturated and unsaturated is that unsaturated has a double bond.
Unsaturated fatty acids will have:
Double bonds
Has cis- double bonds
bonds will tell you what degree they are in
What will the last carbon on the carbon chain be called?
Omega
Know how to interpret name of carbon chain:
18:3
18 carbon long chain
3 degrees of unsaturation or 3 double bonds
Double bonds located at carbons 9,12,15
Omega fatty acids:
Name them by counting the closest double bond to the omega carbon.
Ex: omega 6- it was 6 carbons away from the first double bond
Can have omega 3,6,9
Which of the following is an unsaturated acid?
C16:1
The 1 represents a double bond so it would be unsaturated
Which of the following is an omega six fatty acid?
C18:2 Delta 9,12
*12 is 6 spaces away from omega
Glycerol is:
A reduced sugar that is a 3 carbon sugar with 3 alcohol groups on it
Triglycerides are based on which molecule…
Glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acids
Triglycerides are made by:
Glycerol is an alcohol and it reacts with the carboxylic head groups of the fatty acid to make an Ester. This esterifies the 3 fatty acids to the same glycerol molecule which makes the triglyceride.
Triglycerides are also known as:
Treacly glycerol
Fats
Oils
The difference between fats and oils are:
The degree of and saturation. The more unsaturation is the more liquid the it will be. Unsaturated is mostly oil in the saturated are usually solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fat’s are liquid because:
The double bonds that are present on the molecule. This causes a kink in the tail and they can’t pack together into a solid Crystal so they are more of a fluid material.
Butter= soft crystal Oil= no crystal because of double bonds won't pack together
Which one of the following factors decreased the fluidity of a fat?
Increasing length of the fatty acid’s
Olestra is ____ fat
Fake fat
This is actually a real fat but the fatty acid esterified to the sucrose molecule. The table sugar is 0 cal because the enzymes and I got don’t recognize them and therefore can’t digest them so there are no calories.
Diglycerides- membrane lipid structure
2 fatty acid’s
1 glycerol
Phosphate
Polar head group
Phosphatidylcholine (ex: membrane lipid)
3 carbon glycerol "backbone" Phosphate group Polar head group Saturated fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acid
Plasmalogen
Variation of diacelylglycerols
3 carbon backbone
1 ether group
1 ester group(Carboxylic acid chain)
Platelet activating factor structure:
Carbon backbone
1st chain is ether group instead of ester
2nd chain is tiny fatty acid
Sphingolipids are the same as membrane lipids with minor variations:
Based on molecule sphingosine
Tail that looks just like fatty acid..continuous of backbone called sphingosine
3 carbons that are like backbone but in reversed in place of glycerol
Fatty acid molecule attached with amide bond
Phosphate group
Polar head
Plasmalogen:
Contains an ether group at position one
Diacylglycerol
Contains two fatty acid esterified to a glycerol
Triglyceride
Contains three fatty acid esterified to a glycerol
Phospho diglyceride
Contains two fatty acids esterified to glycerol and phosphate and polar head
Olestera
Contains six fatty acids esterified to a sucrose
Sphingolipid
Contains amide bonds on the structure
Sphingosine a relate to blood type because:
They are part of the antigen formation. Sphingosine is the first chain of the antigens for the blood type. Oligosaccharides are attached to this overall chain to make the specific type of blood.
The type of lipid on a blood group antigen:
A sphingolipid
Tay-Sachs disease
Hexosaminidase A disorder
Gauchers disease
Defect in glucocerebrosidase
Generalized gangliosidosis
Defect in beta galactosidase
I- cell disease
Failure to place a mannose-6-phosphate on the lysosomal enzymes
Steroids are made from
Cholesterol
Steroids are made out of how many fused rings?
Steroids are made out of four fused rings.
There are six classic steroid hormones.
Vitamin D-3 is made from steroid:
Dehydrocholesterol
The fourth ring in this steroid is broken to form D3 molecule
Isoprenoids are made from:
Repeating 5 carbon units.
An example would be beta karotine that is used to make vitamin A for our eyesight.
Isoprenoid vitamin a is used for:
Antioxidant
Isoprenoid vitamin K is used for
Blood clotting cofactor
Isoprenoid Warfarin is used for
A blood anticoagulant
Acts as an inhibitor against vitamin k
Isoprenoid ubiquinone is used for
Hey my chondrule electron carrier also known as coenzyme Q. This is an antioxidant found in the membranes.
Arachnid ionic acid derivatives(cyclized forms)
Prostaglandin-pain
Thromboxane-clotting
Leukotriene
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs are inhibitors to their formation
Aspirin blocks pain and clotting formation so inhibits the two acid derivative forms.
Isoprenoid
Has 5 carbons
Cholesterol
Has 4 fused rings
Vitamin D
Made from cholesterol
CoQ 10
Contains 10 isoprenes in tail
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency
