2Complex carbohydrates Flashcards
Chitin is made up of _____ with ____bonds
Made up of glucose and acetate with GlcNAc Beta(1➡️4)bonds
We can not digest chitin along with cellulose
Cellulose is made up of ____with ____ bonds:
(B1➡️4) linked D- glucose units
It is a polymer of glucose and the glucoses are linked together by (B1➡️4) bonds
Glc(B1➡️4)x
It is a plant fiber
Homo polysaccharides:
They are made up of the same sugar. Examples are starch, cellulose, and chitin.
Heteropolysaccharides
Made up of two or more different types of sugars
Peptidoglycan is found:
Heteropolysaccharides!
They are repeating disaccharides.
These sugars are found on the outerside of the membrane in the cell wall this is what makes bacteria gram-positive.
Peptidoglycans are made up of 2 sugars:
N-acetylglucosamine and N- Acetylmuramic acid
Attached by pentaglycine cross bridges
Agarose is ____ and is used to ____
It is a repeating disaccharide that is used to run DNA and RNA Gels
3 Glycoaminoglycans:
Hyaluronate, chondroitin 4-sulfate, and keratan sulfate
Find in our own tissues
Repeating disaccharides
Heparin
-glycan is repeating diaaccharides
Glycosaminoglycan
Repeating disaccharide
Glyco- proteins:
Proteins that have oligosaccharides attached (a bunch of sugars attached to it)
Attached via N link or O link
What are the two types of linkage in glycoproteins:
N linked
O linked
N- linked is when:
It is attached to asparagine Asn
O linked is when:
It is attached serinine or threonine
Ser/ Thr
Oligosaccharides are used for cell___
Protein targeting so you know where the cell is going by the oligosaccharides that is attached to cell.
What oligosaccharides tells if cell is going to lysosome:
Mannose-6- phosphate
The goal Golgi apparatus does:
Addition and modifications of sugars on the glycoproteins take place here
Proteoglycans are different from glycoproteins:
They don’t have oligosaccharides attached but have disaccharides a attached to proteins.
-glycans repeating disaccharides
Proteoglycans are found:
In the extracellular space. On the outside of the cell
Proteoglycan aggregates
They are proteins and repeating disaccharides. These have a central core of repeating disaccharides, and they have protein branches coming off of the core, and the leaves on these branches are even more repeating disaccharides on these proteins.
Found in connected tissue and they are hydrated, these have water so they act like sponges in the body.
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide?
Hyalyronate
In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through which amino acid residues:
Asparagine(n link), searine, or threonine ( o link).
Sphingolipid make up____ and are_____
Sphingolipid’ make up the membrane. They are fatty material thatcan have glycolipids (sugar molecules) attach these lipid attached.
The sugars the point out of the cell membrane can tell us properties of the cell.
Oligosaccharides on the outside the cell can help determine:
Blood types A, B,AB, and O.
Blood type A
A antigen is the same as O antigen but it has an extra sugar attached. Galactose anacetate is attached.
B. Blood type:
It is the same as O antigen blood type except for it has an extra sugar called galactose attached to it.
AB blood type
Have a mixture of the A and the B antigens mixed together
Downside of having O blood type:
Helicobacter pylori bacteria recognizes part of the O group antigens in the blood. People with the type O blood type have a risk for ulcers that is seven times higher than the other blood types.
Blood type A differs from type O in that type A has an extra:
GlcNAc
Glycoprotein
Protein with oligosaccharides attached
Glycolipid
Lipid with oligosaccharides attached
Peptidoglycan
Glycans cross-links with peptides
Proteoglycans
Glycans attached to proteins
