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Biochemistry > 2Monosaccharides > Flashcards

2Monosaccharides Flashcards

0
Q

Base all sugars on which molecule?

A

D-Glyceraldehyde

     CHO
        l
H-   C  - OH*
        l
       CH2O
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1
Q

Most sugars are _____handed sugar

A

Right-handed

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2
Q

Aldose sugars have ____

A

Aldehyde group

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3
Q

Remember the six types of aldose sugars:

A

(3) D – glyceraldehyde,
(4) D – erythrose,
(5) D – ribose,
(6) D – glucose, D – mannose, D – galactose

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4
Q

D-Erythrose structure (4)

A 
H     O
   \  //
H-C-OH
     l
H-C-OH*
     l
   CH2OH
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5
Q

D-Threose structure (4)

A 
H   O
     \  //
      C
       l
OH-C-H
       l
H-  C- OH*
       l
     CH2OH
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6
Q

D-Ribose structure(5)

A 
H     O
  \   //
    C
     l
H-C-OH*
     l
H-C-OH*
     l
H-C-OH*
     l
CH2OH
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7
Q

D-Arabinose

A

Just know similar to ribose

   H     O
     \   //
      C
       l
HO-C-H
       l
 H- C-OH
      l
H- C-OH
      l
CH2OH
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8
Q

D-Xylose structure (5)

A

Just remember similar to ribose

  H    O
   \    //
     C
      l
 H-C-OH
      l
HO-C-H
       l
H- C-OH
      l
CH2OH
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9
Q

The reference compound for naming D and L isomers of sugars is:

A

Glyceraldehyde

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10
Q

D-Glucose structure

R-L-R-R

A 
H   O
    \   //
     C
      l
H- C-OH
      l
OH-C-H
      l
H- C-OH
      l
H- C-OH
     l
CH2OH
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11
Q

D- Mannose structure
(Only c#2 changed from glucose)

LLRR

A 
H    O
    \  //
      C
       l
HO-C-H
       l
HO-C-H
       l
H-  C-OH
       l
H-  C-OH
       l
 CH2OH
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12
Q

D-Galactose (6Carbons)

C#4 is different

RLLR

A 
H    O
    \   //
      C
       l
  H-C-OH
       l
HO-C-H
       l
HO-C-H
       l
H- C-OH
      l
  CH2OH
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13
Q

What is epimeric pair?

A

D- glucose and D-mannose

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14
Q

Two major classes- the Aldose and ketose sugars

A

Glyceraldehyde (an aldotriose)

  H     O
   \    //
     C
      l
H-  C-OH
      l
H- C-OH
     l
      H

Dihydroxyacetone (a ketotriose)

     H
      l
H- C-OH
      l
     C=O
      l
H- C-OH
     l
    H
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15
Q

Ketose Sugars-2 structures to know

A 
Dihydroxyacetone (3 carbons)
CH2OH
 l
C=O
l
CH2OH
D-fructose (6carbon) 
    CH2OH
       l
      C=O
       l
HO-C-H
       l
H-  C-OH
      l
H-  C-OH
      l
CH2OH

Similar to glucose except ketone at C#2

16
Q

Which of the following is an epimeric pair?

2 isomers differ in configuration at one stereo center

A

D-glucose and D-mannose

17
Q

Which of the following monosaccharides is not an Aldose?

A

Fructose

18
Q

When the linear form of glucose cyclizes, the product is an:

A

Hemiacetal

19
Q

Draw glyceraldehyde. How many stereoisomers can there be?

A

2

20
Q

Draw glycerol. How many stereoisomers are there?

A

1

21
Q

D-glucose is epimeric ex on carbon #2. What did it become?

A

D-mannose

22
Q

Is D-2 deoxyglucose the same thing as D-2-deoxygalactose?

A

No

23
Q

What biochemical feature is common in cellulose and is not found in glycogen?

A

Beta 1-4 bonds

Glycogen has alpha 1-4 bond

24
Q

Which of the following monosaccharides is not an Aldose ?

A

Fructose

25
Q

Hemiacetal is made up of:

A

Aldehyde + Alcohol

26
Q

Hemiacetal can react with additional alcohols and form…

A

Acetal + water

This reaction makes it less spontaneous and more stable. Split out water and more difficult.

27
Q

Ketone + alcohol=

A

Hemiketal

28
Q

Hemiketal can react with additional alcohol to form

A

Ketal

29
Q

2 glucose molecules react:

Carbon #4 alcohol + hemiacetal carbon #1

A

Disaccharide form with acetal linkage

Glc(alpha 1➡️4) Glc

Reducing sugar because of the right side of the right sugar it still has a free carbon number one which is a hemiacetal which can still open up to form an aldehyde and therefore still has the ability to become a reducing sugar.

30
Q

Galactose+ glucose

A

Lactose

Reducing sugar

Gal(Beta1➡️4) Glc

Galactose is almost identical to glucose but carbon number four is flipped compared to glucose so the OH group will be on top and the H group will be on bottom

Reducing sugar because the hemiacetal on the right still has the anime roc carbon free, carbon#1 is free. Hemiactrals can open up freely to aldehydes.

31
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

Table sugar- sucrose

  • not a reducing sugar* both a mimetic carbons tied up in bonding to each other

Glc(alpha1↔️2Beta) Fru

Has an acetal and ketal bond at same time. Glucose c#1 is alpha conformation with OH group coming down from it but connected to anime roc carbon of fructose, which is a ketose) so form a ketone derivative on #2 of fructose.

32
Q

2 animeric carbons of glucose attached to each other

A

Trehalose

Not a reducing sugar

Glc(alpha1↔️1 alpha) Glc

33
Q

Which two sugars is not a reducing sugar?

A

Sucrose and trehalose

Biochemistry (18 decks)

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