Functional Groups

Question 1

Hydroxyl

Answer 1

Properties:
Is polar, hydrophilic and is an alcohol

OH attached to a carbon’s chain

Question 2

Carbonyl groups

Answer 2

Two types: ketone and aldehyde. Double bonded to oxygen. They are sugars.

Ketone is a carbon to an oxygen double bond somewhere that isn’t terminal, and aldehyde is an oxygen double bond that is terminal (on the end)

Question 3

Carboxyl

Answer 3

Double bonded to an O and a single bond to an OH. They are acids

Question 4

Amino groups

Answer 4

Acts as a base. An H connected to an N. Common compound name to look for is AMINE.

Question 5

Sulfhydryl group

Answer 5

Thiol is the common suffix. These react with each other and form cross links to stabilize tertiary protein structure (they form cross links to help firm proteinary structures.) the only one with an S.

Question 6

Phosphate group

Answer 6

The only one with a P. Contributes energy (ATP phosphorylation).

Question 7

Methyl

Answer 7

They can influence if genes are available for transcription fue to their methylation and acetylation.

Question 8

COOH and HCI

Answer 8

COOH is a weak acid. HCI is a strong acid

Question 9

Name the three isomers and their definitions

Answer 9

Structural isomers- same number of atoms but different structure
Geometric (cis trans) it is only a geometric isomer if there is a double bond. Cis is on the same side, trans on the opposite side.

Enantiomers- mirrored from
Each other. To have one, there must be an asymmetric carbon.