5

Question 1

What is a monomer?

How do they form?

What are the types of monomers?

Answer 1

-The building blocks of polymers
-they form via dehydration (condensation) reactions.

-Monosaccharides, nucleotides, amino acids

Question 2

What are polymers?

How do they split back together?

What are the 4 types and their monomers?

Answer 2

-They are MANY monomers linked together
-They can be split back to monomers via hydrolysis (water cutting) and water is gained.
-carbohydrates (monosaccharides)
-proteins (amino acids)
-nucleic acids (nucleotides)
-Lipids (don’t have monomers, but they are made of a fatty acids tail and a triglyceride)

Question 3

What is the generic formula for sugar?

Answer 3

CH2O

Question 4

What shape are sugars often in?

Answer 4

A ring structure

Question 5

If there is anything else to a sugar besides carbons, hydrogens, and oxygen, is it a carb?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What are sugars used for in plants?

Answer 6

Building materials (cellulose)
Storage materials (starch)

Question 7

What are they used for in humans?

Answer 7

Storage materials (glycogen in humans)

Question 8

Which contains starch and which contains glycogen?

Answer 8

1. Starch is plants
2. Glycogen is humans

Question 9

How are sugars linked?

Answer 9

-Alpha (hydroxyl always down) or beta (hydroxyl alternates up and down
-glycosidic bonds

Question 10

What are the properties of fats

Answer 10

1. It is a glycerol molecule linked to a fatty acid
2. Can be saturated or unsaturated
3. Trans fats are bad for you

Question 11

Difference between saturated and unsaturated

Answer 11

Saturated has no double bonds, but unsaturated has double bonds and forms kinks

Question 12

What are phospholipids?

Answer 12

-a glycerol join to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 13

Is the tail in phospholipids polar or non polar? The head?

Answer 13

Tail is Non polar
Head is polar

Question 14

What is the function of phospholipids?

Answer 14

They make up cell membranes

Question 15

What are steroids?

Answer 15

Lipids that transcribe DNA 🧬

Question 16

Which macromolecule is the most diverse?

Answer 16

Protein

Question 17

What are some of the different types of protein? Name 8

Answer 17

1. Enzymatic proteins
2. Storage proteins
3. Hormonal proteins
4. Contractile and motor proteins
5. Defensive proteins
6. Transport proteins
7. Receptor proteins
8. Structural proteins

Question 18

What is the primary structural layer of proteins?

Answer 18

The amino acid sequence

Question 19

What is the secondary structural layer of proteins?

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds make it cool up into either alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

Question 20

What is the tertiary structural layer of proteins?

Answer 20

The folding of the protein. This is formed with covalent bonds called disulfide bridges (the SH sulfhydryl group)

Question 21

What is the quarternary structure of a protein?

Answer 21

Many folded proteins interacting with each other

Question 22

How does a protein denature?

Answer 22

Hydrogen bonds break due to high temperature or acidity. This causes the protein to lose its shape

Question 23

What are DNA and RNA composed of?

Answer 23

-1 nitrogenous base (A,T,C, or G)
-1 deoxyribose sugar (in DNA there is one less oxygen than in RNA, thus DEOXY)
-and 1 phosphate group

Question 24

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines (think nitrogenous bases, cuz that is what it is referring to)

Answer 24

-Adenine and guanine are purines and have 2 rings
-Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine are pyrimidines and have 1 ring