2 Flashcards
What are the properties of protons
-positively charged
-have mass
-# of protons is specific
-found in the Nucleus of an atom
What are the properties of neutrons
-Neutral charge
-Have mass (roughly the same as a proton
-# of neutrons is NOT specific to each element (Isotopes)
-Found in nucleus
Electron properties
-Negatively charged
-Virtually no mass
# of electrons NOT specific to each element (Ions)
-found in orbitals about the nucleus
Isotopes
-Mass number = # of protons + neutrons (top number)
-Atonic number = # of protons (bottom number)
_ chemical symbol for the element (middle letter)
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Subtract Atomic number from mass number, then add that number to the atomic number.
What is the valence of an electron?
The number of electrons the outer shell can hold
How many electrons can the first electron shell hold
2
Valence of the second electron shell
Holds a maximum of 8 electrons
What is an orbital
2 electrons in a pair. 1st shell has 1 orbital (2 electrons), and the second shell has 3 orbitals (6 electrons)
Order of element names and the valence for the corresponding atoms
HONC 1234
Properties of ionic bonds
-complete transfer of electrons, the atom that loses an electrons is positively charged, the atom that gains one is negative
-Between metal and nonmetal
Properties of covenant bonds
-Sharing of electrons of two non metals
-an atom can share as many electrons as it has free space in its valence shell.
Properties of polar covalent bonds
Unequal sharing, hydrogen is always positive, O, N, or F (Nitrogen, oxygen, or Fluorine) is always negative
Properties of Non polar
Electrons equally shared, no charges
What is bond equilibrium and it’s properties?
-energy is absorbed in the reactants to break the old bonds, and energy is released in the products when the new bonds are formed
Equilibrium: when the reaction goes left to right at the same rate. Product formation equals reaction break down.
