Function of heart valves

Question 1

Which valves are of semilunar shape?

Answer 1

Aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 2

Tricuspid valve?

Answer 2

Right AV valve

Question 3

Bicuspid valve?

Answer 3

Left AV valve

Question 4

Function of heart valves?

Answer 4

Ensures that blood flows in the right direction and prevents backflow. One way door.

Question 5

What produces heart sounds?

Answer 5

Closing of the heart valves and the blood flowing towards the closed valve.

Question 6

AIMS?

Answer 6

Demonstration of valve mechanisms and valve action

Question 7

Valve function under systola?

Answer 7

Contraction of ventricles–>AV valves are closed, semilunar valves are open.

Question 8

Valve function under diastola?

Answer 8

Relaxation of ventricles–> AV valves are open, semilunar valves are closed. Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles are relaxed.

Question 9

Why is there no need for valves between atria and veins?

Answer 9

Because backflow usually does not occur due to similar pressure in atrium and veins. Site where venae cava enters the atrium is partially compressed during systola of atria.

Question 10

What is VHD?

Answer 10

Valvular Heart Disease –> cardiac dysfunction, deteriation of valve function, heart can not maintain adequate circulatory flow.

Question 11

What is auscultation?

Answer 11

Auscultation is the term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.

Question 12

What is the first heart sound?

Answer 12

Ventricular myocardium contraction around incompressible blood and closure of atrioventricular valves. (cuspid valves)

Question 13

When does the first heart sound occur?

Answer 13

50-70 ms after the beginning of the QRS complex of ECG.

Question 14

What is the second heart sound?

Answer 14

closure of semilunar valves of aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Question 15

When does the second heart sound occur?

Answer 15

At the end of the T-wave of ECG, indicates the end of the ejection phase.

Question 16

What is the third heart sound?

Answer 16

Caused by the vibration of the ventricular walls in the beginning of the filling phase, occur during a quick blood influx in the heart.

Question 17

When is the third heart sound apparent?

Answer 17

In children after the T wave of ECG.

Question 18

How and when can the fourth heart sound be distinguished?

Answer 18

By phonocardiography at the end of the P wave of ECG. Occurs after atrial diastola.

Question 19

Where is the best auscultation of the first heart sound?

Answer 19

Fifth intercostal space, left medioclavicularly (dicuspid valve)
Fourth intercostal space, left parasternally (tricuspid valve)

Question 20

Where is the best auscultation of the second heart sound?

Answer 20

Second intercostal space; 
right parasternally (aortal valve)
left parasternally (pulmonary valve)

Question 21

What is the electronic stethoscope called?

Answer 21

JABES electronic stethoscope

Question 22

What are the edges of the atrioventricular valves fastened by?

Answer 22

Thin fibrous cords –> cordae tendineae attached to the papillary muscles. Prevents the valves from being everted.

Question 23

How are the semilunar valves prevented from being inverted?

Answer 23

By the anatomical structure and positioning of the cusps. Back surge of blood fills the cusps, keep them closed.

Question 24

What are physiological murmurs?

Answer 24

Murmurs caused by turbulent flow between the heart chambers.

Question 25

What are pathophysiological murmurs?

Answer 25

Can indicate stenotic valves, whisteling murmur (narrowing, blocking)
or valve insufficiency, swishy murmur.

Question 26

Whisteling systolic murmur?

Answer 26

stenotic semilunar valves

Question 27

Whisteling diastolic murmur?

Answer 27

Stenotic AV-valves

Question 28

Swishy systolic murmur?

Answer 28

Insufficient AV-valves

Question 29

Swishy diastolic murmur?

Answer 29

Insufficient semilunar valves.