FTM 70 - Nutrition in Health and Disease 2

Question 1

Where does most fatty acid synthesis take place?

Answer 1

The Liver

Question 2

What is a GI and how is it calculated?

Answer 2

Question 3

What factors affect the GI of a food?

Answer 3

Carbohydrate digestibility

Fiber

Fat content

Question 4

What foods are rich in fiber?

Answer 4

Whole wheat

Vegetables

Legumes

Fruits

Question 5

What is considered a high and low GI?

Answer 5

High GI above 70

Low GI less than 54

Question 6

Why is a low GI a good thing?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is HFCS and why is it commonly used?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the recommended dietary intake of fiber?

Answer 8

25-30 g/day

Question 9

What are the actions and medical importance of dietary fiber? What happens if you get too much fiber?

Answer 9

Soluble fiber forms a gel which is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine; also delays gastric emptying to provide the sensation of fullness

Insoluble fiber passes through digestive tract largely intact and softens stool; also increases bowel motility, thus reducing exposure of gut to carcinogens

Fiber also decreases the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol and increases fecal loss of cholesterol

Too much fiber interferes with vitamin and mineral uptake

Question 10

Which foods have a perfect score regarding dietary essential amino acids?

Answer 10

Milk, eggs, soybeans

Question 11

What does the term “nitrogen balance” refer to?

Answer 11

It describes the metabolic body situation where the intake of dietary nitrogen equals the output of nitrogen (mainly urea).

Question 12

What are the dietary essential amino acids in adults and children?

Answer 12

Question 13

What is a PDCAAS and what is it based on?

Answer 13

Question 14

About how much nitrogen does protein contain?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the primary sources of human nitrogen output. How can total nitrogen output be calculated?

Answer 15

Question 16

What is considered a positive and negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is a RQ and what is it used for?

Answer 17

Question 18

What are the short term signals that influence appetite and satiety? What triggers them?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the long term signals that influence appetite and satiety? What triggers them and what do these signals act on?

Answer 19

Question 20

What is PEM? When is it most commonly seen? How is it treated?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is Kwashiorkor? What causes it?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is Marasmus? What causes it?

Answer 22

Question 23

How is BMI calculated? What is the BMI range for underweight, healthy, overweight, and obese?

Answer 23

Question 24

How can body muscle mass versus adipose tissue be estimated?

Answer 24

Triceps skinfold (TDF) - skinfold thickness estimates body fat stores because body fat is normally located in the subcutaneous region

Mid-arm muscle circumference - often used to estimate skeletal muscle mass

Bioelectric impedance analysis (BAI) - a low-leve safe electrical current is sent through the body to measure body fat percentage

DEXA scan - dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan measures body fat (also used to measure bone density)

Question 25

Why is body fat location important in risk assessment for metabolic syndrome and CHD?

Answer 25

Question 26

What waist to hip ratios indicate higher/lower risk for metabolic syndrome and CHD?

Answer 26

Question 27

How can serum albumin and free fatty acid levels be used as an indicator of nutritional status?

Answer 27