FTM 70 - Nutrition in Health and Disease 2 Flashcards
Where does most fatty acid synthesis take place?
The Liver
What is a GI and how is it calculated?
What factors affect the GI of a food?
Carbohydrate digestibility
Fiber
Fat content
What foods are rich in fiber?
Whole wheat
Vegetables
Legumes
Fruits
What is considered a high and low GI?
High GI above 70
Low GI less than 54
Why is a low GI a good thing?
What is HFCS and why is it commonly used?
What is the recommended dietary intake of fiber?
25-30 g/day
What are the actions and medical importance of dietary fiber? What happens if you get too much fiber?
Soluble fiber forms a gel which is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine; also delays gastric emptying to provide the sensation of fullness
Insoluble fiber passes through digestive tract largely intact and softens stool; also increases bowel motility, thus reducing exposure of gut to carcinogens
Fiber also decreases the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol and increases fecal loss of cholesterol
Too much fiber interferes with vitamin and mineral uptake
Which foods have a perfect score regarding dietary essential amino acids?
Milk, eggs, soybeans
What does the term “nitrogen balance” refer to?
It describes the metabolic body situation where the intake of dietary nitrogen equals the output of nitrogen (mainly urea).
What are the dietary essential amino acids in adults and children?
What is a PDCAAS and what is it based on?
About how much nitrogen does protein contain?
What are the primary sources of human nitrogen output. How can total nitrogen output be calculated?
What is considered a positive and negative nitrogen balance?
What is a RQ and what is it used for?
What are the short term signals that influence appetite and satiety? What triggers them?
What are the long term signals that influence appetite and satiety? What triggers them and what do these signals act on?
What is PEM? When is it most commonly seen? How is it treated?
What is Kwashiorkor? What causes it?
What is Marasmus? What causes it?
How is BMI calculated? What is the BMI range for underweight, healthy, overweight, and obese?
How can body muscle mass versus adipose tissue be estimated?
Triceps skinfold (TDF) - skinfold thickness estimates body fat stores because body fat is normally located in the subcutaneous region
Mid-arm muscle circumference - often used to estimate skeletal muscle mass
Bioelectric impedance analysis (BAI) - a low-leve safe electrical current is sent through the body to measure body fat percentage
DEXA scan - dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan measures body fat (also used to measure bone density)
Why is body fat location important in risk assessment for metabolic syndrome and CHD?
What waist to hip ratios indicate higher/lower risk for metabolic syndrome and CHD?
How can serum albumin and free fatty acid levels be used as an indicator of nutritional status?
