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bpm1 exam 2 - foundations to medicine 2 > FTM 51 - Integument 2 > Flashcards

FTM 51 - Integument 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are these two layers?

A

The top layer is the papillary layer of the dermis

The bottom layer is the reticular layer of the dermis

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2
Q

What type of connective tissues predominate in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary layer - loose connective tissue

Reticular layer - dense irregular connective tissue

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3
Q

What layer of skin is responsible for the majority of the strength and elasticity of the skin?

A

Dermis

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4
Q

What is Meissner’s corpuscle and what layer of skin houses it?

A

An encapuslated nerve ending responsible for detecting light touch. It is located in the papillary layer of the dermis

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5
Q

Other things to know about the papillary layer of the dermis

A

Contains blood vessels

Predominantly Type I & III collagen fibers

Elastic fibers are threadlike and form an irregular network

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6
Q

What feature is often used to characterize the reticular layer of the dermis?

A

It is characterized by thick irregular bundles or mostly type-I collagen and courser elastic fibers

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7
Q

Things we need to know about the hypodermis.

A
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8
Q

What is an epithelial appendage? Provide examples

A

An outgrowth of the epidermis that extends into the dermis.

Hair follicle and hair

Nails

Glands

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Hair follicles are found ___ times more frequently in thin versus thick skin.

A

Hair follicles are never found in thick skin

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11
Q

What are the three regions of the hair follicle?

A

Infundibulum

Isthmus

Inferior Segment

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12
Q

What contains the matrix cells for hair formation? What else is found in this structure?

A

The hair bulb

Melanocyte stem cells are found in the bulb as well

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13
Q

What is a pilosebaceous unit?

A

The structure consisting of hair, hair follicle, arrector pili muscle and sebaceous gland.

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14
Q

What is the keratogenous zone?

A

The region just after the matrix where keratinization of the hair and internal root sheath occur.

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15
Q

T/F - the root sheath follow the hair along its entire legth

A

False - the root sheat stops at about half the distance between the matrix and the skin surface

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16
Q

What separates hair from the the connective tissue of the dermis?

A

A thick basal lamina called the glassy membrane

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17
Q

What produces the color found in hair?

A

The melanocytes of the bulb

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18
Q

List and describe the 3 layers of hair

A
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19
Q

What are the primary functions of nails?

A

To help with grip and give protection

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20
Q

Describe the basic structure of nails.

A

Hard plates of epidermal keratinized cells resting on a nail bed consisting of nail matrix and hyponychium.

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21
Q

What is hyponychium?

A

The area of epithelium, particularly the thickened portion, underlying the free edge of the nail plate on the nail.

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22
Q

At what rate do nails typically grow?

A

1mm per week

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23
Q

What classification of gland is a sebaceous gland?

A

Simple branched acinar

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24
Q

Where is the secretory portion of a sebaceous gland located? What do sebaceous glands secreted and what is the mechanism of secretion?

A

Sebaceous glands are located in the deeper portions of the dermis and they secrete sebum in a holocrine fashion (the secretory cells rupture to release secretions).

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25
Q

Where does a sebaceous gland excrete its sebum? What is the purpose of this?

A

Secaeous glands open into the hair follicle. The sebum helps the hairs from becoming dry and brittle.

26
Q

What is this?

A

A sebaceous gland

27
Q

How does sebum appear under H&E staining?

A

clear

28
Q
A

From top to bottom:

Hair follicle

Arrector pili muscle

Sebaceous gland

29
Q

Are eccrine sweat glands located in thick or thin skin?

A

Both

30
Q

What classification of gland are eccrine sweat glands?

A

Simple coiled tubular glands

31
Q

Describe the basic structure and localization of the entire eccrine sweat gland

A

The secretory portion is located in the deep dermis. The duct passes through the dermis taking a gental spiral course to the epidermis where the spiral tightens before opening to the suface.

32
Q

What type of epithelium lines eccrine sweat glands?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium consisting of a basal and lumenal layer (just two layers).

33
Q

List the 3 primary eccrine sweat gland cell types and describe their most recognizable features.

A
34
Q

What is this?

A

An eccrine sweat gland

35
Q

Where can apocrine glands be found?

A

Only in the armpit and perineum

36
Q

What classification of gland is an aprocrine gland?

A

Coiled tubular

37
Q

Describe the general structure and localization of apocrine glands

A

The secretory portion of apocrine glands is located in the dermis or even hypodermis. The apocrine secretory lumen is larger than that of eccrine glands but the ducts are narrow and straight and open into the hair follicle.

38
Q

What do spocrine glands secrete? What mode of secretion do they undergo?

A

Apocrine glands secrete pheromones via merocrine secretion (exocytosis)

39
Q

What type of epithelium lines apocrine glands?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

40
Q
A
41
Q
A

Meissner’s Corpuscle

42
Q
A

Pacinian corpuscle

43
Q

What are the three types of encapsulated nerve endings found in the integument and what do each sense?

A
44
Q

Are encapsulated or free nerve endings most numerous in the skin?

A

Free

45
Q

Where do the free nerve endings of the skin usually terminate?

A

The Stratum Graulosum

46
Q

What is a unique characteristic of the free nerve endings of the skin?

A

They do not possess myelin or connective tissue

47
Q

What types of stimuli do the free nerve endings of the skin detect?

A

Multiple different stimuli are detected and without apparent morphological distinction. Most notable stimuli detected are fine touch, heat, and cold.

48
Q

Why do hairs seem to detect more sensory information than the rest of the skin?

A
49
Q

Where are pacinian corpuscles located? What do they detect? How large can they be?

A

Pacinian corpuscles are located in the deep dermis and hypodermis, can be more than 1mm in length, and detect pressure and vibration.

50
Q

Things to know about the composition of pacinian corpuscles.

A
51
Q

What is this?

A

Pacinian corpuscle

52
Q

Describe the basic appearance, location, and function of Meisner’s corpuscle.

A
53
Q

Describe the components of a Meisner’s corpuscle.

A
54
Q
A

Meisner’s corpuscle

55
Q

What is the simplest encapsulated nerve ending found in the skin? What does this nerve ending detect? What is this the size of this capsule?

A

Ruffini’s capsule is the simplest encapsulated nerve ending of the skin and is about 1-2μm in length. It is designed to detect stretch and torque.

56
Q

Describe the structure of Ruffini’s corpuscle and how this structure lends to the corpuscles function.

A
57
Q

List the defining features of first, second, and third degree sunburns.

A
58
Q

Where on the body is thick skin found?

A

The palms of the hands and soles of the feet

59
Q

Define a shallow skin wound and describe how it is healed.

A

A shallow skin wound is one that only affects the epidermis, leaving the dermis intact. It is healed by the division of the stratum basale cells and their subsequent migration across the wound gap. Once the stratum basale is reformed, normal cell migration occurs to thicken the epidermis

60
Q

Define a deep skin wound and describe how its healing occurs.

A
  • When an injury extends to tissues deep to the epidermis, the repair process is more complex than epidermal healing, and scar formation results.
  • Healing occurs in 4 phases
    • inflammatory phase has clot unite wound edges and WBCs arrive from dilated and more permeable blood vessels
    • migratory phase begins the regrowth of epithelial cells and the formation of scar tissue by the fibroblasts
    • proliferative phase is a completion of tissue formation
    • maturation phase sees the scab fall off
61
Q
A

bpm1 exam 2 - foundations to medicine 2 (29 decks)

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