FTM 69 - Nutrition in Health and Disease 1

Question 1

Dietary essential fatty acids and amino acids are there?

Answer 1

2 essential fatty acids

9 essential amino acids

Question 2

What is a DRI and what does it consist of?

Answer 2

Question 3

Water are water-soluble and lipi-soluble vitamins usually used for?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the lipid soluble vitamins and their general purposes?

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the three categories of minerals? What are the most common minerals of each category?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is an EER and what is it for males and females?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is a TEE and what are its primary components?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is a RMR and how does it differ from a BMR?

Answer 8

A resting metabolic rate is a measure of the energy expended in a resting postabsorptive state. Is is about 10% higher than the basal metabolic rate (BMR) which is a measure of the rate of heat release while at complete rest, after 8 hrs of slepp in a darkened room.

Question 9

What factors change the RMR?

Answer 9

Question 10

How does the RMR vary with different tissues?

Answer 10

Question 11

What is a DIT? What else is it known as?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the DIT for each nutrient and what is it for a mixed diet approximately?

Answer 12

Question 13

How do aerobic and anaerobic exercise affect metabolism?

Answer 13

Question 14

How do you calculate BMR, RMR, and TEE for a young person?

Answer 14

BMR is 24 kcal/day/kg body weight

RMR is BMR + 10%

RMR is 75% of TEE

Question 15

Calculate BMR, RMR, and TEE for a 60 kg person.

Answer 15

BMR - 1440 kcal/day

RMR - 1584 kcal/day

TEE - 2112 kcal/day

Question 16

How much energy is available from the major food components?

Answer 16

Question 17

What is an AMDR?

Answer 17

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

Carbohydrate - 45-65%

Fat - 20-35%

Protein - 10-35%

Question 18

What are the types of dietary carbohydrates? Where are they found?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the major diseases in which diet plays a significant role?

Answer 19

Heart Disease

Malignant Neoplasms

Stroke

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 20

What is the recommended value for serum total cholesterol?

Answer 20

<200 mg/dL

Question 21

What is the recommended dietary cholesterol intake for healty people and people with diabetes or heart disease?

Answer 21

<300 mg/day for healthy people

<200 mg/day for people with heart disease or diabetes

Question 22

How do trans-fatty acids form and where are they commonly found?

Answer 22

Question 23

Which dietary fatty acids increase LDL?

Answer 23

Trans-fatty acids

Palmitate and other Saturated fatty acids (but not stearate)

Question 24

What is the medical importance of dietary lipids and fatty acids?

Answer 24

• Absorption of lipid soluble vitamins
• Cholesterol is needed for PMs, synthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones, and vitamin D
• The EFAs (essential fatty acids) are required for membrane fluidity and as precursors for eicosanoids
• EFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier in adults

Question 25

Where do EFAs come from and what are the two EFAs? Give their structural name?

Answer 25

EFAs are formed in plants Linoleic acid (18:2, ω6) α-linolenic acid (18:3, ω3)

Question 26

What does the human body do with linoleic acid? Where is this EFA commonly found?

Answer 26

Question 27

What does the human body do with α-linolenic acid? Where is this EFA commonly found?

Answer 27

Question 28

Compare and contrast the Mediterranean and Western diets? Which is one better? Why?

Answer 28

Question 29

What is the physiologic effects of dietary doses of DHA and EPA?

Answer 29