FTM 69 - Nutrition in Health and Disease 1 Flashcards
Dietary essential fatty acids and amino acids are there?
2 essential fatty acids
9 essential amino acids
What is a DRI and what does it consist of?
Water are water-soluble and lipi-soluble vitamins usually used for?
What are the lipid soluble vitamins and their general purposes?
What are the three categories of minerals? What are the most common minerals of each category?
What is an EER and what is it for males and females?
What is a TEE and what are its primary components?
What is a RMR and how does it differ from a BMR?
A resting metabolic rate is a measure of the energy expended in a resting postabsorptive state. Is is about 10% higher than the basal metabolic rate (BMR) which is a measure of the rate of heat release while at complete rest, after 8 hrs of slepp in a darkened room.
What factors change the RMR?
How does the RMR vary with different tissues?
What is a DIT? What else is it known as?
What is the DIT for each nutrient and what is it for a mixed diet approximately?
How do aerobic and anaerobic exercise affect metabolism?
How do you calculate BMR, RMR, and TEE for a young person?
BMR is 24 kcal/day/kg body weight
RMR is BMR + 10%
RMR is 75% of TEE
Calculate BMR, RMR, and TEE for a 60 kg person.
BMR - 1440 kcal/day
RMR - 1584 kcal/day
TEE - 2112 kcal/day
How much energy is available from the major food components?
What is an AMDR?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
Carbohydrate - 45-65%
Fat - 20-35%
Protein - 10-35%
What are the types of dietary carbohydrates? Where are they found?
What are the major diseases in which diet plays a significant role?
Heart Disease
Malignant Neoplasms
Stroke
Diabetes Mellitus
What is the recommended value for serum total cholesterol?
<200 mg/dL
What is the recommended dietary cholesterol intake for healty people and people with diabetes or heart disease?
<300 mg/day for healthy people
<200 mg/day for people with heart disease or diabetes
How do trans-fatty acids form and where are they commonly found?
Which dietary fatty acids increase LDL?
Trans-fatty acids
Palmitate and other Saturated fatty acids (but not stearate)
What is the medical importance of dietary lipids and fatty acids?
- Absorption of lipid soluble vitamins
- Cholesterol is needed for PMs, synthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones, and vitamin D
- The EFAs (essential fatty acids) are required for membrane fluidity and as precursors for eicosanoids
- EFAs can cross the blood-brain barrier in adults
Where do EFAs come from and what are the two EFAs? Give their structural name?
EFAs are formed in plants
Linoleic acid (18:2, ω6)
α-linolenic acid (18:3, ω3)
What does the human body do with linoleic acid? Where is this EFA commonly found?
What does the human body do with α-linolenic acid? Where is this EFA commonly found?
Compare and contrast the Mediterranean and Western diets? Which is one better? Why?
What is the physiologic effects of dietary doses of DHA and EPA?
