Freyette's Principles

Question 1

What is a vertebral unit?

Answer 1

Two vertebra and all of the stuff that holds it together (muscles, disc, vasculature etc)

Question 2

What is the neutral position of the vertebrae?

Answer 2

In the sagittal plane

Question 3

The neutral position is important why?

Answer 3

It is the beginning of flexion or extension

Question 4

What axis does flexion of the spine rotate about? Extension?

Answer 4

Transverse for both

Question 5

What is segmental flexion of vertebrae? Regional ?

Answer 5

Upper vertebrae flexes relative to the one below

REgional = more than one

Question 6

What happens to the neural foramen with flexion of the spine? Extension?

Answer 6

Flexion = opens up
Extension = closes

Question 7

Vertebral side bending takes place about what axis?

Answer 7

Anterior-posterior axis

Question 8

What happens to the facet of the vertebrae with sidebending?

Answer 8

Opens on the side bending away from

Question 9

Rotation of the vertebrae involves what axis?

Answer 9

Vertical

Question 10

What are the four factors that determine spinal motion?

Answer 10

Facet joints
Ligaments
Long restrictors
Short restrictors

Question 11

True or false: rotation and sidebending of a vertebrae are coupled

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Thoracic facets face what direction?

Answer 12

Posterolaterally in the vertical plane

Question 13

Lumbar facets face what direction?

Answer 13

Medially at 45 degrees to the sagittal plane

Question 14

What are the three motions that the thoracic facets allow for?

Answer 14

Rotation
Sidebending
Flex/exten

Question 15

What are the three motions that the LUMBAR facets allow for?

Answer 15

flex
sidemebending

NO rotation

Question 16

What is the first principle of Freyette?

Answer 16

In a neutral position, side bending and rotation are in opposite directions

Question 17

What is principle 2 of Freyette?

Answer 17

if spine is flexed or extended, then side bending and rotation are in the same direction

Question 18

What is principle 3 of Freyette?

Answer 18

Movement in any part of the spine limits the remainder of the spine

Question 19

What muscles maintain type I SDs?

Answer 19

Long restrictors

Question 20

What muscles maintain type II SDs?

Answer 20

Short restrictors