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Cervical I Flashcards

1
Q

Where does most of the rotation in the cervical spine occur?

A

Between C1 and C2

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2
Q

Unlike other vertebrae, the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are (anterior or posterior) to the facet joints

A

Anterior

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3
Q

What are the typical vertebrae?

A

C3-C6

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4
Q

What are the two atypical cervical vertebrae?

A

C1 and C2

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5
Q

What is characteristic about the spinous process of C3-C6?

A

Bifid

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6
Q

What are the vertebral bodies shaped like for C3- C6?

A

Saddle shaped

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7
Q

Which cervical vertebral bodies have transverse foramen for the vertebral arteries? Which one does not hold the vertebral artery?

A

C3-C7

C7 does not hold the artery

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8
Q

Is the spinous process of C7 bifid?

A

no

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9
Q

What is unique about C1?

A

Does not have a body or a spinous process

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10
Q

What are the facets like in C1?

A

Concave superior

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11
Q

Is there a disc between the occiput and the atlas? What is the joint called?

A

no–occipito-atlantal joint

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12
Q

What serves as the body of C1?

A

The odontoid process

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13
Q

What are the facets like on C2? What do these articulate with?

A

Convex superior

Articulate with convex cartilage covering the inferior facets of C1

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14
Q

Is there a disc between C2 and C1?

A

no

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15
Q

How are the facets situated in the cervical spine?

A

Backwards, upwards, and medial (BUM BUL BUM)

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16
Q

What are the articular pillars?

A

The columnar arrangement of the facets

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17
Q

Where are the facets of the cervical spine relative to the transverse processes?

A

Posterior to them

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18
Q

What are we palpating in the cervical spine: the transverse processes, or the facets?

A

The facets

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19
Q

What are the joints of Luschka?

A

Joints located at the lateral/posterior surface of the cervical vertebral bodies

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20
Q

What are the uncinate processes of the cervical spine?

A

Projections located on the superior aspect of each cervical body, that participate in the uncovertebral joints

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21
Q

What is the function of the uncovertebral joints?

A

Protects the cervical nerves from pressure

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22
Q

What is the function of the cervical spine?

A

Supports the skull and provide mobility

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23
Q

What are the two transitional areas that the cervical spine participates in?

A

OA/AA/C2 and C7/T1

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24
Q

What does the ALL protect against?

A

Hyperextension

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25
Where does the ALL run from and to?
From the occiput to the sacrum
26
Where does the PLL run from and to?
From the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
27
What is the function of the PLL?
Prevents hyperflexion
28
Pts with RA or Down's syndrome have increased laxity in what ligaments?
Alar and transverse ligaments
29
What is the function of the ligamentum flavum?
Prevents separation of the vertebral lamina, stopping abrupt flexion of the vertebral column
30
Where is the ALL, PLL, and ligamentum flavum?
***
31
What is the nuchal ligament?
Extends from the inion and posterior border of the foramen magnum to the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae
32
What is the function of the nuchal ligament?
Limits cervical flexion
33
What are the three muscles that utilize the nuchal ligament as an attachment point?
Splenius cervicis Splenius capitus Upper trap
34
What are the attachment of the Alar ligament?
From C2 to the occiput, as well as side of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum
35
What are the attachments of the transverse ligaments?
From C1, across dens, to other side of C1
36
What is the function of the transverse ligament?
Holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1
37
What must be done before OMM can be performed on patients with increased laxity of the Alar and transverse ligament?
Neck xray
38
Where is the C1 located
Between the angle of the mandible and mastid process
39
Where is the C2 located?
Angle of the mandible
40
Where is the C3 located?
Hyoid bone
41
Where is C4 located?
Superior thyroid cartilage
42
Where is C5 located?
Inferior thyroid cartilage
43
Where is C6 located?
Cricoid cartilage
44
Where is C7 located?
Vertebral prominens
45
What are the three muscles that can often cause HAs?
Levator scap Trap SCM
46
What is the muscle that can cause neck and shoulder pain?
Omohyoid
47
Numbness and tingling down the arm can be d/t pinching between what muscles?
Anterior and middle scalenes
48
What are the components of the suboccipital triangle?
Rectus capitus post major Oblique capitus sup Obluqie capitus inf
49
What are the three short restrictors of the neck?
Rotators Intertransversarii Interspinalis
50
What is the "yes" joint?
Occipital-atlanto joint
51
What forms the OA joint? What bones are concave, and which are convex?
Occipital condyles (convex) and superior articular facets of the atlas (concave)
52
What are the primary motions of the OA joint?
Flex/extension
53
For flexion, the occipital condyle slide anteriorly or posteriorly on C1?
Posteriorly
54
For extension, the occipital condyle slide anteriorly or posteriorly on C1?
Anteriorly
55
Sidebending and rotation of the OA are the same or opposite?
Opposite sides
56
What are the biomechanics of sidebending of the OA joint?
One occipital condyle slides upward on one side, the other down
57
How many articulations are there of the Atlanto-axial joint? What are they?
Four: - Right and left facet joints - Dens/atlas - Dens/transverse ligament
58
Convex/concave of right and left facet joints of the AA?
``` Convex = atlas Concave = axis ```
59
What is the primary motion of the AA joint?
Rotation, with small amounts of flex and ext
60
Rotation and sidebending of the cervical spine from C2 to C7 are on the same or opposite sides?
Same
61
Does the AA joint side bend?
No

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