Cervical II Flashcards
What is the first question to ask when a pt experiences pain in a joint?
Where is the pain
Significantly decreased ROM indicates what?
Suspect fracture
What is a distraction test?
Separate bones to assess ligaments
What does resistive testing look for?
muscle/tendon injury
What does compressing bones together test?
Bone surfaces, menisci, disks
What is the neural foramen?
Passage for the nerve roots in the spine
What are the anterior borders of neural foramen?
Two adjacent vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs
What are the superior and inferior borders of the neural foramen?
Two adjacent pedicles
What is the posterior border of the neural foramen?
Inferior articular process of superior vertebra and superior articular process of inferior vertebra, including the synovial joint between them
What is the anterior border of the spinal canal?
Vertebral body +disc +PLL
What is the posterior border of the spinal canal?
Lamina + flava flav
What is the lateral border of the spinal canal?
Pedicles, medial aspect of the facet joints on either side
What happens to the body of a superior vertebra with flexion?
Glides anteriorly, compressing anterior portion of the disc
What happens to the facet joints with flexion?
Open on the inferior aspect
What happens to the neural foramen with flexion?
Opens posteriorly
What happens to the posterior elements with flexion?
Lengthened
What happens to the anterior elements with flexion?
compressed
What happens to the anterior elements with extension?
lengthens
What happens to the posterior elements with extension?
Shortens
What happens to the neural foramen with extension?
Closes
What happens to the body of a superior vertebra with extension?
Superior body glides posteriorly, compressing posterior portion of the disc
What happens to the facet joints with extension?
Close on the inferior aspect
What happens to the uncovertebral joints with side bending/rotation?
One side approx while other separates
What is Wolff’s law?
bone is increased where needed and reabsorbed where not
What is facet hypertrophy?
Increased load in facet joint can occur by decreased disc height and occupational hazards
What happens with anterior facet joint hypertrophy?
Neuroforaminal stenosis
What happens with posterior facet joint hypertrophy?
Central stenosis
DJD = ? Is this an inflammatory process?
Arthritis–not always an inflammatory process
What are the two components of the physical exam for the neck?
Neuro
Joint
Hyperreflexia = (CNS or PNS issue)?
CNS issue
Hyporeflexia = (CNS or PNS issue)?
PNS issue
What is Spurlings test testing for?
Nerve roots
What is Lhermitte’s test testing for?
Posterior columns of the spinal cord
What is Kernigs test testing for?
Meningeal irritation
What is Wallenberg’s test testing for?
Vertebral arteries
What is Sperling’s test?
Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
What cervical spinal levels innervate the superior, middle, and inferior ganglia?
T1-T4
Posterior cervical Tender points are associated with what?
Extended
Anterior cervical Tender points are associated with what?
Flexed
What is the PC3 associated with?
Vertigo
What is PC4 associated with?
Pain radiating up the neck
What is PC5 associated with?
Generalized HA
What is PC6-8 associated with?
Neck pain and stiffness
What is AC1 associated with?
Commonly mistaken for TMJ problems
What is AC7 associated with?
Related to SCM
