French rev - The causes of the french rev II Flashcards
1
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3
What was the formation of the National Assembly
A
- The true representatives of people of France - 3rd estate defy King Revolutionary standpoint
- Parliamentary enciting people’s will and addressing grievances
- Growing radicalism - 3rd estate 97% of the pop but only 1/3 of the vote, won’t stop us meeting and met at tennis court
2
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4
What was the storming the Bastille
A
- Great symbol of kings of France beyond their power, despotism
- Necker gone, people of Paris start revolt
- Marks a crucial moment in France history - defied king and won
- Dismantles brick by brick and begins the declaration of the rights of man
3
Q
2
Calling of the Estates General significance
A
- Gov has opp to take control of situation and put forward new programme but did not take initaive and failed to provide leadership
- 3rd estate, lacking experience, would have supported king if he proposed reform - insisted those with credentials who claimed to be elected be verified, nobles rejected this and declared themselves a seperate order by 188 votes to 46
4
Q
4
Formation of the National Assembly significance
A
- When Tennis Court Oath was born, said they wouldn’t disperse until France gave them a new constitution - conscious of local expectations and rejected them
- Deadlock was broken when 3rd estate passed a motion that would begin verifying deputies credentials
- 3rd estate now claimed that it represented the nation, has the right to manage affairs and direct taxation
- Events started moving out of control - 19th Juje, clergy voted to joimn and trickle priests joind within the following days
5
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4
Storming of the Bastille significance
A
- Inspired large scale popular demonstrations - went to Paris-Royales, urged to take arms, gunsmith shops looted and clashes with troops guarding Tulieres
- Permanent reminder of the power of the Ancien regime
- De Launary ordered his troops to open fire and 98 killed - forced to surrender, murdered - sans-culottes had 28K muskets and 20 cannons, 1/4 of Parisians under arms - the first and most famous journees
- Troops were removed from streets of Paris to Champe de Mars - open area south of River Seine
6
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4
The Great Fear
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- A largely rural revolt - response to the nobles would be taking revenge after the calling of Estates General and success of the National Assembly, peasants armed themselves and turnd their attacks on nobility (garin stores raided, record of taxes destroyed, bodies of peasants romaed and destroyed chautueaus)
- Called ‘Great’ because of rumous that nobleds employed mercenaries to kill reformers
- Rev change had spread beyiond Paris, breakdown of gov, official end of sig social inequality from feudalism
- But was limited - later events show that peasant areas were not interested in regime change or ruban rev ideas like changes in religion
7
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5
What was the August Decrees?
A
- Patriot party abolished feudal system entirely
- Seigneurial courts, venality and tithes payable to clergy abolished
- Financial and tax privileges abolished - like provinces
- All citizens without distinction of birth were eligible for all offices
- Prepared grounds for creation of a constitution
8
Q
3
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
A
- Condemned the practices of the ancien regime and outlined rights of citizens as demanded bty achiers of all 3 orders
- All men are born free and equal and have the right of liberty, property and resistance to oppression
- Sov rests with people
9
Q
3
What was the nationalisation of the church land
A
- Tax rev not flowing in - 2nd Nov 1789 all property owned by the church was nationalised, amounted to 2000M livres
- State took over responsibility for paying clergy and poverty work
- Bond called assginat bought and sold alongsie royal land
10
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3
Significance of the October Days - Reduction of power for the king
A
- Massivley reduced freedom of action and political influence of king
- Members of royal family virtually prisoners of their people in Tulieres Palace - the new National Assembly in its new venue was now truly and visibly indepedent from the Crown
- King felt that he was forced by the mb that he was not bound by their agreement but Louis was now subject to the law
11
Q
2
Significance of the October Days - harder for the National Assembly to work for a compromise
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- July - seen as an ally, October - ignored and humiliated
- When deputies followed king to Paris some felt imprisoned as he did. It was harder to work on a compromise with Louis surrounded by a pop which could impose its will on the Assembly
12
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2
Significance of the October Days - increase of power for normal parisians
A
- A shift in the balance of power towards the increasingly politicised Parisians aware of their new powers
- Evident now that the pop of Paris, when together, had phenomenal strength and could force the king and assembly to their will
13
Q
Significance of the October Days - changing of the title of the king
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- Reflection - changed title and status of monarch from ‘King of France and Navarre’ to ‘Louis, by the grace of God and the constitutional laws of the state, king of the French’ - obligation to the people were citizens, now, not subjects
14
Q
Direct and indirect taxes with examples
A
Indirect - lived on goods - tax on food and drink
Direct - lived on incomes - 5% tax on income
Taille - a tax levied on common people by king
Gabelle - tax on salt - people used this to preserve meat
15
Q
1789
A
Events escalated out of Louis control, fall of ancien regime and emergence of a more democratic system of gov as consequence for popular upheaval set precedent for other downtrodden people in other countries
16
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4
The king’s response to revolution
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- Adopted a policy of non-coop against National Assembly - didn’t want to use force as he felt like he couldn’t trust the army
- Refused to support August Decrees and Declaration of Rights until 6-7 thousand women stormed to put their demands from a food shortage in the capital and royal family moved to Paris
- Reinforces his guard, summoning the Flanders regiment who he knew were loyal to him, to Versaillies
- Hosted a banuqte to celebrate arrival of these troops - officers trample on the new ‘Tricolour’ cockade of rev and replace it with traditional monarchy’s cockade of the Bourbon Kings
17
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4
Aims, methods, who were they and where - the opening of the estates general
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- Not initially anything to do more than reform the gov - constitution asked for by cahiers, but lacked confidence
- Peaceful negotation
- Clergy, nobles, bourgeousie
- Versailles
18
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4
Aims, methods, who were they and where - the National Assembly
A
- Wanted Constitutional monarchy - claimed to represent people, made steps to enter a formal constitution with ‘Tennis Court Oath’
- Also decreed collection of taxes would cease if sent home, claimed to control tax was a direct challenge to king - they used peaceful methods but the king was worried and started to get his troops
- Mainly members of 3rd estate - bouregoursie, priests and even some nobles joined
- Initially in Versailles
19
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4
Aims, methods, who were they and where - the fall of the Bastille
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- Beginning to feel like violence accepted so a republic may be good, threat of military action caused Parisians to fight, furious when they heard Louis sacked Necker
- Clashes with german cavalry and hated custom posts around city attacked, grabbed weapons from Les Invalides and set upon Bastille to get gunpower
- Mainly sans-culottes and town poor led by intellectuals like Desmoulins
- Paris
20
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4
Aims, methods, who were they and where - the end of feudalism
A
- Still wanting constitutional monarchy, most idealistic part of rev, great fear tested authority and led to a discussion about what would fire the constitution and wrote 17 articles - establishing justice for everyone and freedom of speech
- Started with violence but then became peaceful
- Peasants caused great fear, nobles volunteered to give up feudal privileges and enlighenment thinkers came up with a plan for how things should progress
- Started in the country and National Assembly in Paris then voted to sweep feudal rights away
21
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4
Aims, methods, who were they and where - the october days
A
- Idealism wasn’t improving ordinary people’s lives - while disputes dismantle power of the king - people continue to starve, and he refused to sign the August Decrees. Bread prices increase whilst the king summons his loyal regiment to throw a banquet
- Women of Paris seized several 100s muskets and 2 cannons which it made it ready to resort to violence if necessary. Some horrific violence in invasion of the Palace of Versailled with some soldiers getting heads put on spikes
- National guard accompanied parisian women
- From Paris to Versailles and then back
22
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4
How much has France changed since 1774?
A
- Economic crisis - debt and lavish spending led to financial instability and widespread hardship
- Social inequality - rigid class system dismantles, alongside feudal dues
- Political reform movements - enlightenment ideas called for representation and a constitutional government
- Estates General and National Assembly challenging and dismantling monarchy authority and making him subject to law
