Formative 3

Question 1

The main muscle group that provides plantar flexion of the foot is:

a) Plantaris
b) Tibialis anterior
c) Flexor digitorum longus
d) Gastrocnemius/Soleus
e) Flexor hallucis longus

Answer 1

d) Gastrocnemius/Soleus

Question 2

Name 3 groups of individuals involved in the clinical management of osteoarthritis

Answer 2

Physicians
GPs
Dieticians
Occupational therapists
Orthopaedic surgeons
Physiotherapists
Patients
Nurses

Question 3

Name 2 pharmacological treatments for patients with osteoarthritis

Answer 3

Oral analgesia: paracetamol, NSAIDs
Topical treatments: NSAIDs, capsaicin
Intra-articular injections: steroids, hyaluronic acid

Question 4

Name 2 non-pharmacological treatments for patients with osteoarthritis

Answer 4

Thermotherapy
Electrotherapy
Aids and devices
Manual therapy

Question 5

Name 2 static constraints of the knee

Answer 5

Collateral ligaments
ACL/PCL
Capsule
ITB
Meniscii

Question 6

Name 2 dynamic constraints of the knee

Answer 6

Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Medial and lateral gastrocnemius
Popliteus

Question 7

Name 2 flexors of the knee

Answer 7

Biceps femoris
Semimebranosus
Semitendonosus
Gastrocnemius

Question 8

Name the extensor of the knee

Answer 8

Quadriceps

• rectus femoris
• vastus medialis
• vastus lateralis
• vastus intermedius

Question 9

What are the symptoms, signs or tests used in the diagnosis of SUFE?

Answer 9

Pain in hip or knee
Externally rotated posture and gait
Reduced internal rotation, especially on flexion
Plain x-rays (best seen on lateral view)

Question 10

What is the treatment of SUFE?

Answer 10

ORIF

Question 11

Name 4 treatments that can be used for hallux valgus

Answer 11

Non-operative

• footwear modification (wide +/- high toe box)
• orthotics to offload pressure/correct deformity
• activity modification
• analgesia

Operative (if non-operative failed or unacceptable to patient)

• release lateral soft tissues
• osteotomy 1st metatarsal +/- proximal phalanx