Formative 2 Flashcards
Name 4 potential causes of a fracture healing slowly
Delayed union High energy injury Distraction (large gap between ends) Instability Infection Steroids Immune suppressants Smoking Warfarin NSAIDs Ciprofloxacin
Name 3 non-operative managements for painful foot conditions
Analgesia Footwear modification Weight loss Physiotherapy Orthotics including insoles and bracing
Scenario:
A 40 year old woman attends your surgery complaining of shooting pains in the 3rd web space of her foot made worse by wearing high heels. You suspect Morton’s neuroma.
Name 2 clinical signs you might elicit
Reduced sensation 3rd web space/toes
Intermetatarsal pain on compression
Palpable swelling on nerve
Positive Mulders click
Scenario:
A 40 year old woman attends your surgery complaining of shooting pains in the 3rd web space of her foot made worse by wearing high heels. You suspect Morton’s neuroma.
Name 2 treatments for this condition
Adaptation footwear/insole
Steroid injection
Nitrogen freezing
Surgical removal
Scenario:
A 50 year old diabetic attends your clinic complaining of heel pain first thing in the morning and on walking. You suspect he has plantar fasciitis.
Name 1 potential differential diagnosis
Nerve entrapment syndrome
Arthritis
Calcaneal pathology
Scenario:
A 50 year old diabetic attends your clinic complaining of heel pain first thing in the morning and on walking. You suspect he has plantar fasciitis.
Name 4 of the traditional treatments used in this condition
Rest, change training Stretching - achilles +/- direct stretching Ice NSAIDs Orthoses - heel pads Physiotherapy Weight loss Injections - corticosteroid Night splinting
Name 2 newer/third line treatments for plantar fasciitis
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy Topaz plasma coblation Nitric oxide Platelet rich plasma Endoscopic/open surgery
Name 3 muscles that attack to the clavicle
Trapezius Deltoid Pectoralis major Subclavius Sternocleidomastoid Sternohyoid
