Formative 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 potential causes of a fracture healing slowly

A
Delayed union
High energy injury
Distraction (large gap between ends)
Instability
Infection
Steroids
Immune suppressants
Smoking
Warfarin
NSAIDs
Ciprofloxacin
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2
Q

Name 3 non-operative managements for painful foot conditions

A
Analgesia
Footwear modification
Weight loss
Physiotherapy
Orthotics including insoles and bracing
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3
Q

Scenario:
A 40 year old woman attends your surgery complaining of shooting pains in the 3rd web space of her foot made worse by wearing high heels. You suspect Morton’s neuroma.

Name 2 clinical signs you might elicit

A

Reduced sensation 3rd web space/toes
Intermetatarsal pain on compression
Palpable swelling on nerve
Positive Mulders click

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4
Q

Scenario:
A 40 year old woman attends your surgery complaining of shooting pains in the 3rd web space of her foot made worse by wearing high heels. You suspect Morton’s neuroma.

Name 2 treatments for this condition

A

Adaptation footwear/insole
Steroid injection
Nitrogen freezing
Surgical removal

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5
Q

Scenario:
A 50 year old diabetic attends your clinic complaining of heel pain first thing in the morning and on walking. You suspect he has plantar fasciitis.

Name 1 potential differential diagnosis

A

Nerve entrapment syndrome
Arthritis
Calcaneal pathology

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6
Q

Scenario:
A 50 year old diabetic attends your clinic complaining of heel pain first thing in the morning and on walking. You suspect he has plantar fasciitis.

Name 4 of the traditional treatments used in this condition

A
Rest, change training
Stretching - achilles +/- direct stretching
Ice
NSAIDs
Orthoses - heel pads
Physiotherapy
Weight loss
Injections - corticosteroid
Night splinting
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7
Q

Name 2 newer/third line treatments for plantar fasciitis

A
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy
Topaz plasma coblation
Nitric oxide
Platelet rich plasma
Endoscopic/open surgery
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8
Q

Name 3 muscles that attack to the clavicle

A
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Subclavius
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid
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