Anatomy - Lower Limb 2

Question 1

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?

Answer 1

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 2

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?

Answer 2

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 3

What are the superficial gluteal muscles?

Answer 3

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 4

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 4

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 5

Which part of the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?

Answer 5

Thickening at the lateral side

Question 6

Which are the two muscles attached to the iliotibial tract?

Answer 6

Gluteus maximus

Tensor fasciae latae

Question 7

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus muscle?

Answer 7

Extension

External rotation

Question 8

What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 9

What is the main flexor of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Iliopsoas

Question 10

What is the action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 10

Abduction

Medial rotation

Question 11

Which nerve innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

Answer 11

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 12

What is the action of the deep muscles of the gluteal region on the hip joint?

Answer 12

Stabilisation of the hip

Lateral rotation

Question 13

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of which ventral rami?

Answer 13

L4-S4

Question 14

Which nerves are the two main branches of the sacral plexus?

Answer 14

Sciatic nerve

Pudendal nerve

Question 15

Which ventral rami form the lumbosacral trunk?

Answer 15

L4 and 5

Question 16

Which muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 16

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 17

Which muscles are supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 17

Gluteus maximus

Question 18

What is the root value of the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 18

L4-S1

Question 19

What is the root value of the inferior gluteal nerve?

Answer 19

L5-S2

Question 20

Which nerve is the largest in the body?

Answer 20

Sciatic nerve

Question 21

The sciatic nerve emerges in the gluteal region inferior to which muscle?

Answer 21

Piriformis

Question 22

What are the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 22

Tibial nerve

Common peroneal nerve

Question 23

Does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Which of the posterior thigh muscles is most lateral?

Answer 24

Biceps femoris

Question 25

What are the four posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 25

Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Long head of biceps Short head of biceps

Question 26

What is the action of the hamstrings on the hip and knee joint?

Answer 26

Extension (hip) | Flexion (knee)

Question 27

Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 27

Sciatic nerve

Question 28

Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?

Answer 28

Fibula

Question 29

Which is the most important muscle in stabilising the knee joint?

Answer 29

Vastus lateralis

Question 30

What are the attachments of the fibular/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?

Answer 30

Lateral epicondyle of the femur | Lateral surface of the head of the fibula

Question 31

The tendon of which muscle passes deep to the LCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus?

Answer 31

Popliteus

Question 32

What are the attachments of the tibial/medial collateral ligament (MCL)?

Answer 32

Medial epicondyle of the femur | Medial meniscus and upper part of the medial surface of the tibia

Question 33

Why is the firm attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important?

Answer 33

The meniscus is more likely to be damaged

Question 34

Which actions does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevent?

Answer 34

Posterior dislocation of the knee | Internal rotation of the knee

Question 35

Which action does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevent?

Answer 35

Anterior dislocation of the knee

Question 36

What are the main functions of the menisci?

Answer 36

Disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction

Question 37

Which meniscus is firmly adhered to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament?

Answer 37

Medial meniscus

Question 38

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?

Answer 38

Suprapatellar

Question 39

What is the clinical significance of the suprapatellar bursa communicating with the knee joint?

Answer 39

Infection of the bursa can spread to the joint itself

Question 40

What are the 5 Ps of peripheral vascular disease?

Answer 40

``` Pallor Pain Pulselessness Paraesthesia Paralysis ```

Question 41

What is the action of sartorius on the hip joint?

Answer 41

Flexion

Question 42

What are the actions of pectineus on the hip joint?

Answer 42

Adduction Internal rotation Flexion