Anatomy - Lower Limb 2 Flashcards
Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?
Lesser sciatic foramen
What are the superficial gluteal muscles?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
What are the deep gluteal muscles?
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris
Which part of the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?
Thickening at the lateral side
Which are the two muscles attached to the iliotibial tract?
Gluteus maximus
Tensor fasciae latae
What are the actions of the gluteus maximus muscle?
Extension
External rotation
What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
What is the main flexor of the hip joint?
Iliopsoas
What is the action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?
Abduction
Medial rotation
Which nerve innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the action of the deep muscles of the gluteal region on the hip joint?
Stabilisation of the hip
Lateral rotation
The sacral plexus is formed by the union of which ventral rami?
L4-S4
Which nerves are the two main branches of the sacral plexus?
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
Which ventral rami form the lumbosacral trunk?
L4 and 5
Which muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve?
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae latae
Which muscles are supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?
Gluteus maximus
What is the root value of the superior gluteal nerve?
L4-S1
What is the root value of the inferior gluteal nerve?
L5-S2
Which nerve is the largest in the body?
Sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve emerges in the gluteal region inferior to which muscle?
Piriformis
What are the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
Does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region?
No
Which of the posterior thigh muscles is most lateral?
Biceps femoris
What are the four posterior thigh muscles?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Long head of biceps
Short head of biceps
What is the action of the hamstrings on the hip and knee joint?
Extension (hip)
Flexion (knee)
Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles?
Sciatic nerve
Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?
Fibula
Which is the most important muscle in stabilising the knee joint?
Vastus lateralis
What are the attachments of the fibular/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?
Lateral epicondyle of the femur
Lateral surface of the head of the fibula
The tendon of which muscle passes deep to the LCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus?
Popliteus
What are the attachments of the tibial/medial collateral ligament (MCL)?
Medial epicondyle of the femur
Medial meniscus and upper part of the medial surface of the tibia
Why is the firm attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important?
The meniscus is more likely to be damaged
Which actions does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevent?
Posterior dislocation of the knee
Internal rotation of the knee
Which action does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevent?
Anterior dislocation of the knee
What are the main functions of the menisci?
Disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction
Which meniscus is firmly adhered to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament?
Medial meniscus
Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar
What is the clinical significance of the suprapatellar bursa communicating with the knee joint?
Infection of the bursa can spread to the joint itself
What are the 5 Ps of peripheral vascular disease?
Pallor Pain Pulselessness Paraesthesia Paralysis
What is the action of sartorius on the hip joint?
Flexion
What are the actions of pectineus on the hip joint?
Adduction
Internal rotation
Flexion
