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Adele MSK > Anatomy - Lower Limb 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy - Lower Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

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2
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

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3
Q

What are the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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4
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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5
Q

Which part of the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?

A

Thickening at the lateral side

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6
Q

Which are the two muscles attached to the iliotibial tract?

A

Gluteus maximus

Tensor fasciae latae

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7
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

Extension

External rotation

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8
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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9
Q

What is the main flexor of the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas

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10
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

A

Abduction

Medial rotation

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

What is the action of the deep muscles of the gluteal region on the hip joint?

A

Stabilisation of the hip

Lateral rotation

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13
Q

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of which ventral rami?

A

L4-S4

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14
Q

Which nerves are the two main branches of the sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve

Pudendal nerve

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15
Q

Which ventral rami form the lumbosacral trunk?

A

L4 and 5

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16
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fasciae latae

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17
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus maximus

18
Q

What is the root value of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4-S1

19
Q

What is the root value of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5-S2

20
Q

Which nerve is the largest in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

21
Q

The sciatic nerve emerges in the gluteal region inferior to which muscle?

A

Piriformis

22
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

Common peroneal nerve

23
Q

Does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region?

A

No

24
Q

Which of the posterior thigh muscles is most lateral?

A

Biceps femoris

25
Q

What are the four posterior thigh muscles?

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Long head of biceps
Short head of biceps

26
Q

What is the action of the hamstrings on the hip and knee joint?

A

Extension (hip)

Flexion (knee)

27
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior thigh muscles?

A

Sciatic nerve

28
Q

Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?

A

Fibula

29
Q

Which is the most important muscle in stabilising the knee joint?

A

Vastus lateralis

30
Q

What are the attachments of the fibular/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the femur

Lateral surface of the head of the fibula

31
Q

The tendon of which muscle passes deep to the LCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus?

A

Popliteus

32
Q

What are the attachments of the tibial/medial collateral ligament (MCL)?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur

Medial meniscus and upper part of the medial surface of the tibia

33
Q

Why is the firm attachment of the MCL to the medial meniscus clinically important?

A

The meniscus is more likely to be damaged

34
Q

Which actions does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevent?

A

Posterior dislocation of the knee

Internal rotation of the knee

35
Q

Which action does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevent?

A

Anterior dislocation of the knee

36
Q

What are the main functions of the menisci?

A

Disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction

37
Q

Which meniscus is firmly adhered to the deep surface of the tibial or medial collateral ligament?

A

Medial meniscus

38
Q

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?

A

Suprapatellar

39
Q

What is the clinical significance of the suprapatellar bursa communicating with the knee joint?

A

Infection of the bursa can spread to the joint itself

40
Q

What are the 5 Ps of peripheral vascular disease?

A 
Pallor
Pain
Pulselessness
Paraesthesia
Paralysis
41
Q

What is the action of sartorius on the hip joint?

A

Flexion

42
Q

What are the actions of pectineus on the hip joint?

A

Adduction
Internal rotation
Flexion

Adele MSK (22 decks)

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