Anatomy - Upper Limb 1 Flashcards
Which muscles form the anterior wall of the axilla?
Pectoralis major and minor
Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the axilla?
Subscapularis
Which muscle forms the medial wall of the axilla?
Serratus anterior
Which structure forms the lateral wall of the axilla?
Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
The axillary artery is the continuation of which artery?
Subclavian
At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?
Lateral margin of the 1st rib
The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?
Brachial artery
At which anatomical point does the brachial artery begin?
Lower margin of teres major
Which ventral rami form the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?
C5 and C6
What can cause a ‘waiter’s tip’ appearance of the upper limb?
Erb’s palsy
Which nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?
C8 and T1
The three cords of the brachial plexus are named for their position in relation to what?
The axillary artery
Which muscles are affected in Erb’s palsy (supplied by C5 and C6)?
Deltoid, biceps, brachialis
What does ‘waiter’s tip’ appearance look like?
Arm hangs by the side and is rotated medially
Forearm is extended and pronated
What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Lateral pectoral
Lateral root of median
Musculocutaneous
What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral Medial root of median Ulnar Medial cutaneous nerve of arm Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Thoracodorsal Axillary Radial Upper subscapular Lower subscapular
Where does the left subclavian artery originate?
Aortic arch
Where does the right subclavian artery originate?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Which vein arises from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?
Cephalic vein
Which vein arises from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch?
Basilic vein
Which vein joins the basilic and cephalic together?
Median cubital vein
What follows on from the brachial artery?
Ulnar and radial arteries
Can an infected tattoo around the umbilicus spread to both axillary and superficial inguinal lymph node groups of both sides? Why?
Yes - above the umbilicus is drained by the axillary groups and below the umbilicus is drained by the superficial inguinal groups
Which bones join at the acromioclavicular joint?
Scapula and clavicle
The entire upper limb and pectoral girdle articulate at which small joint?
Glenohumeral joint
Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks during a fall?
Angle of the clavicle - because of change in direction of bone
What type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Plane
What type of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Saddle
What is the rim of cartilage around the shoulder socket known as?
Glenoid labrum
What is the coraco-acromial arch made up of?
The acromion and coracoid process of the scapula and coraco-acromial ligament
Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?
Inferior
Which bursa communicates with the shoulder joint cavity?
Subscapular
What is the role of the subacromial bursa?
Allows free motion of the rotator cuff relative to the coracoacromial arch and the deltoid muscle
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
What movements of the glenohumeral joint are generated by the rotator cuff muscles?
Abduction
External rotation
Internal rotation
What are the actions of the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?
Flexion
Internal rotation
What are the actions of the middle fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?
Abduction
What are the actions of the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?
Extension
External rotation
What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?
Axillary nerve
In what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and therefore damaged?
Anterior dislocation of the head of the humerus
Where would you test for loss of sensation to determine if an axillary nerve injury had occurred?
Badge patch area
What are the actions of pectoralis major?
Adduct and internally rotate the humerus at the glenohumeral joint
What is the name given to the triangle below the clavicle, between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?
Deltopectoral triangle
Which vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle?
Subclavian vein
