Anatomy - Upper Limb 1

Question 1

Which muscles form the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 1

Pectoralis major and minor

Question 2

Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 2

Subscapularis

Question 3

Which muscle forms the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer 3

Serratus anterior

Question 4

Which structure forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 4

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 5

The axillary artery is the continuation of which artery?

Answer 5

Subclavian

Question 6

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

Answer 6

Lateral margin of the 1st rib

Question 7

The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?

Answer 7

Brachial artery

Question 8

At which anatomical point does the brachial artery begin?

Answer 8

Lower margin of teres major

Question 9

Which ventral rami form the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

C5-T1

Question 10

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 10

C5 and C6

Question 11

What can cause a ‘waiter’s tip’ appearance of the upper limb?

Answer 11

Erb’s palsy

Question 12

Which nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 12

C8 and T1

Question 13

The three cords of the brachial plexus are named for their position in relation to what?

Answer 13

The axillary artery

Question 14

Which muscles are affected in Erb’s palsy (supplied by C5 and C6)?

Answer 14

Deltoid, biceps, brachialis

Question 15

What does ‘waiter’s tip’ appearance look like?

Answer 15

Arm hangs by the side and is rotated medially

Forearm is extended and pronated

Question 16

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 16

Lateral pectoral
Lateral root of median
Musculocutaneous

Question 17

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 17

Medial pectoral
Medial root of median
Ulnar
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

Question 18

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 18

Thoracodorsal
Axillary
Radial
Upper subscapular
Lower subscapular

Question 19

Where does the left subclavian artery originate?

Answer 19

Aortic arch

Question 20

Where does the right subclavian artery originate?

Answer 20

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 21

Which vein arises from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

Answer 21

Cephalic vein

Question 22

Which vein arises from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch?

Answer 22

Basilic vein

Question 23

Which vein joins the basilic and cephalic together?

Answer 23

Median cubital vein

Question 24

What follows on from the brachial artery?

Answer 24

Ulnar and radial arteries

Question 25

Can an infected tattoo around the umbilicus spread to both axillary and superficial inguinal lymph node groups of both sides? Why?

Answer 25

Yes - above the umbilicus is drained by the axillary groups and below the umbilicus is drained by the superficial inguinal groups

Question 26

Which bones join at the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 26

Scapula and clavicle

Question 27

The entire upper limb and pectoral girdle articulate at which small joint?

Answer 27

Glenohumeral joint

Question 28

Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks during a fall?

Answer 28

Angle of the clavicle - because of change in direction of bone

Question 29

What type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 29

Plane

Question 30

What type of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 30

Saddle

Question 31

What is the rim of cartilage around the shoulder socket known as?

Answer 31

Glenoid labrum

Question 32

What is the coraco-acromial arch made up of?

Answer 32

The acromion and coracoid process of the scapula and coraco-acromial ligament

Question 33

Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?

Answer 33

Inferior

Question 34

Which bursa communicates with the shoulder joint cavity?

Answer 34

Subscapular

Question 35

What is the role of the subacromial bursa?

Answer 35

Allows free motion of the rotator cuff relative to the coracoacromial arch and the deltoid muscle

Question 36

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 36

Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor

Question 37

What movements of the glenohumeral joint are generated by the rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 37

Abduction External rotation Internal rotation

Question 38

What are the actions of the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?

Answer 38

Flexion | Internal rotation

Question 39

What are the actions of the middle fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?

Answer 39

Abduction

Question 40

What are the actions of the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?

Answer 40

Extension | External rotation

Question 41

What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?

Answer 41

Axillary nerve

Question 42

In what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and therefore damaged?

Answer 42

Anterior dislocation of the head of the humerus

Question 43

Where would you test for loss of sensation to determine if an axillary nerve injury had occurred?

Answer 43

Badge patch area

Question 44

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

Answer 44

Adduct and internally rotate the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

Question 45

What is the name given to the triangle below the clavicle, between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?

Answer 45

Deltopectoral triangle

Question 46

Which vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle?

Answer 46

Subclavian vein