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Adele MSK > Anatomy - Upper Limb 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy - Upper Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles form the anterior wall of the axilla?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

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2
Q

Which muscle forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Subscapularis

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3
Q

Which muscle forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Serratus anterior

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4
Q

Which structure forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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5
Q

The axillary artery is the continuation of which artery?

A

Subclavian

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6
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

A

Lateral margin of the 1st rib

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7
Q

The axillary artery continues beyond the axilla as which vessel?

A

Brachial artery

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8
Q

At which anatomical point does the brachial artery begin?

A

Lower margin of teres major

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9
Q

Which ventral rami form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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10
Q

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 and C6

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11
Q

What can cause a ‘waiter’s tip’ appearance of the upper limb?

A

Erb’s palsy

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12
Q

Which nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 and T1

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13
Q

The three cords of the brachial plexus are named for their position in relation to what?

A

The axillary artery

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14
Q

Which muscles are affected in Erb’s palsy (supplied by C5 and C6)?

A

Deltoid, biceps, brachialis

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15
Q

What does ‘waiter’s tip’ appearance look like?

A

Arm hangs by the side and is rotated medially

Forearm is extended and pronated

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16
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral
Lateral root of median
Musculocutaneous

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17
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Medial pectoral
Medial root of median
Ulnar
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
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18
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Thoracodorsal
Axillary
Radial
Upper subscapular
Lower subscapular
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19
Q

Where does the left subclavian artery originate?

A

Aortic arch

20
Q

Where does the right subclavian artery originate?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

21
Q

Which vein arises from the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Cephalic vein

22
Q

Which vein arises from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Basilic vein

23
Q

Which vein joins the basilic and cephalic together?

A

Median cubital vein

24
Q

What follows on from the brachial artery?

A

Ulnar and radial arteries

25
Q

Can an infected tattoo around the umbilicus spread to both axillary and superficial inguinal lymph node groups of both sides? Why?

A

Yes - above the umbilicus is drained by the axillary groups and below the umbilicus is drained by the superficial inguinal groups

26
Q

Which bones join at the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Scapula and clavicle

27
Q

The entire upper limb and pectoral girdle articulate at which small joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

28
Q

Which part of the clavicle is weakest and commonly breaks during a fall?

A

Angle of the clavicle - because of change in direction of bone

29
Q

What type of synovial joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane

30
Q

What type of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle

31
Q

What is the rim of cartilage around the shoulder socket known as?

A

Glenoid labrum

32
Q

What is the coraco-acromial arch made up of?

A

The acromion and coracoid process of the scapula and coraco-acromial ligament

33
Q

Which part of the shoulder joint capsule is weakest as it is not protected by muscles or ligaments?

A

Inferior

34
Q

Which bursa communicates with the shoulder joint cavity?

A

Subscapular

35
Q

What is the role of the subacromial bursa?

A

Allows free motion of the rotator cuff relative to the coracoacromial arch and the deltoid muscle

36
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

37
Q

What movements of the glenohumeral joint are generated by the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Abduction
External rotation
Internal rotation

38
Q

What are the actions of the anterior fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion

Internal rotation

39
Q

What are the actions of the middle fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?

A

Abduction

40
Q

What are the actions of the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle on the shoulder joint?

A

Extension

External rotation

41
Q

What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

42
Q

In what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and therefore damaged?

A

Anterior dislocation of the head of the humerus

43
Q

Where would you test for loss of sensation to determine if an axillary nerve injury had occurred?

A

Badge patch area

44
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A

Adduct and internally rotate the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

45
Q

What is the name given to the triangle below the clavicle, between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles?

A

Deltopectoral triangle

46
Q

Which vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Subclavian vein

Adele MSK (22 decks)

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