Anatomy - Lower Limb 1

Question 1

What are the two superficial veins of the lower limb?

Answer 1

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

Question 2

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

Answer 2

Great saphenous vein

Question 3

Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?

Answer 3

Small saphenous vein

Question 4

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

Answer 4

Great saphenous vein

Question 5

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

Answer 5

Small saphenous vein

Question 6

What do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein end in?

Answer 6

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 7

What do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein end in?

Answer 7

Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 8

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?

Answer 8

Deeper acetabulum

More ligaments and muscles

Question 9

What is the acetabular labrum?

Answer 9

Ring of cartilage surrounding the border of the acetabulum

Question 10

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint?

Answer 10

Iliofemoral

Question 11

Which ligament prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint?

Answer 11

Pubofemoral

Question 12

Which is the strongest ligament in the human body?

Answer 12

Iliofemoral

Question 13

What are the hip flexor muscles?

Answer 13

Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus

Question 14

Which muscle is the chief flexor of the thigh?

Answer 14

Psoas major

Question 15

Which muscle is the main extensor of the hip joint?

Answer 15

Gluteus maximus

Question 16

What are the hip adductors?

Answer 16

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Pectineus

Question 17

Which nerve supplies the adductor compartment?

Answer 17

Obturator nerve

Question 18

What are the hip abductors?

Answer 18

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus

Question 19

What is the gait pattern of someone with Trendelenberg gait?

Answer 19

Weakness of hip abductors mean the hip drops opposite to the affected side when walking

Question 20

What are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

Answer 20

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

Question 21

What are the three compartments that muscles of the thigh are arranged into?

Answer 21

Anterior/quadriceps/extensors (of the knee)
Medial/adductors (of the hip)
Posterior/hamstrings/flexors (of the knee)

Question 22

Which nerve supplies the anterior/quadriceps/extensor compartment?

Answer 22

Femoral nerve

Question 23

Which nerve supplies the medial/adductor compartment?

Answer 23

Obturator nerve

Question 24

Which nerve supplies the posterior/hamstrings/flexor compartment?

Answer 24

Sciatic nerve

Question 25

What are the four heads/parts of the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 25

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis

Question 26

To which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

Answer 26

Tibial tuberosity

Question 27

What are the three actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

Answer 27

Flexion Abduction Lateral rotation

Question 28

Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?

Answer 28

Obturator foramen

Question 29

Which structures pass through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 29

Femoral artery and vein

Question 30

What do the femoral artery and vein become immediately after leaving the adductor hiatus?

Answer 30

Popliteal artery and vein

Question 31

The femoral artery is the continuation of which artery?

Answer 31

External iliac artery

Question 32

At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

Answer 32

After passing the inguinal ligament

Question 33

The femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which two bony surface markings?

Answer 33

Anterior superior iliac spine | Symphysis pubis

Question 34

What is the large branch of the femoral artery which passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?

Answer 34

Profunda femoris artery

Question 35

The femoral vein is the continuation of which vein?

Answer 35

Popliteal vein

Question 36

The femoral vein passes under the inguinal ligament to continue as which larger vein?

Answer 36

External iliac vein

Question 37

Which two important veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

Answer 37

Profunda femoris vein | Great saphenous vein

Question 38

Which muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?

Answer 38

Sartorius Pectineus Iliacus Rectus femoris

Question 39

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 39

Adductor longus

Question 40

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 40

Sartorius

Question 41

Which structure forms the base of the femoral triangle?

Answer 41

Inguinal ligament

Question 42

What are the three major structures in the femoral triangle?

Answer 42

Femoral nerve Femoral artery Femoral vein

Question 43

What is in the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath?

Answer 43

Femoral artery

Question 44

What is in the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath?

Answer 44

Femoral vein

Question 45

What is in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?

Answer 45

AKA femoral canal - lymphatic vessels

Question 46

Are femoral hernias more common in males or females?

Answer 46

Female

Question 47

Where is the adductor canal?

Answer 47

The extension of the femoral canal distally, beneath the musculature

Question 48

What are some other names for the adductor canal?

Answer 48

Subsartorial canal | Hunter's canal

Question 49

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

Answer 49

``` Femoral artery Femoral vein 2 branches of the femoral nerve: - Saphenous nerve - Nerve to vastus medialis ```

Question 50

What are two of the major nerves of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 50

Femoral | Obturator

Question 51

Which ventral rami contribute to the formation of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 51

T12-L4