Anatomy - Lower Limb 1 Flashcards
What are the two superficial veins of the lower limb?
Great saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?
Great saphenous vein
Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?
Small saphenous vein
Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?
Great saphenous vein
Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?
Small saphenous vein
What do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein end in?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein end in?
Popliteal lymph nodes
Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?
Deeper acetabulum
More ligaments and muscles
What is the acetabular labrum?
Ring of cartilage surrounding the border of the acetabulum
Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral
Which ligament prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint?
Pubofemoral
Which is the strongest ligament in the human body?
Iliofemoral
What are the hip flexor muscles?
Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus
Which muscle is the chief flexor of the thigh?
Psoas major
Which muscle is the main extensor of the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus
What are the hip adductors?
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Obturator externus Pectineus
Which nerve supplies the adductor compartment?
Obturator nerve
What are the hip abductors?
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
What is the gait pattern of someone with Trendelenberg gait?
Weakness of hip abductors mean the hip drops opposite to the affected side when walking
What are the medial rotators of the hip joint?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
What are the three compartments that muscles of the thigh are arranged into?
Anterior/quadriceps/extensors (of the knee)
Medial/adductors (of the hip)
Posterior/hamstrings/flexors (of the knee)
Which nerve supplies the anterior/quadriceps/extensor compartment?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve supplies the medial/adductor compartment?
Obturator nerve
Which nerve supplies the posterior/hamstrings/flexor compartment?
Sciatic nerve
What are the four heads/parts of the quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
To which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?
Tibial tuberosity
What are the three actions of sartorius on the hip joint?
Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation
Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?
Obturator foramen
Which structures pass through the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery and vein
What do the femoral artery and vein become immediately after leaving the adductor hiatus?
Popliteal artery and vein
The femoral artery is the continuation of which artery?
External iliac artery
At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
After passing the inguinal ligament
The femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which two bony surface markings?
Anterior superior iliac spine
Symphysis pubis
What is the large branch of the femoral artery which passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?
Profunda femoris artery
The femoral vein is the continuation of which vein?
Popliteal vein
The femoral vein passes under the inguinal ligament to continue as which larger vein?
External iliac vein
Which two important veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?
Profunda femoris vein
Great saphenous vein
Which muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Rectus femoris
What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus
What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius
Which structure forms the base of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
What are the three major structures in the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
What is in the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery
What is in the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath?
Femoral vein
What is in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?
AKA femoral canal - lymphatic vessels
Are femoral hernias more common in males or females?
Female
Where is the adductor canal?
The extension of the femoral canal distally, beneath the musculature
What are some other names for the adductor canal?
Subsartorial canal
Hunter’s canal
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral artery Femoral vein 2 branches of the femoral nerve: - Saphenous nerve - Nerve to vastus medialis
What are two of the major nerves of the lumbar plexus?
Femoral
Obturator
Which ventral rami contribute to the formation of the lumbar plexus?
T12-L4
