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Adele MSK > Anatomy - Lower Limb 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy - Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two superficial veins of the lower limb?

A

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

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2
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

A

Great saphenous vein

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3
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?

A

Small saphenous vein

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4
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

A

Great saphenous vein

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5
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

A

Small saphenous vein

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6
Q

What do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saphenous vein end in?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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7
Q

What do the lymphatic vessels accompanying the small saphenous vein end in?

A

Popliteal lymph nodes

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8
Q

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?

A

Deeper acetabulum

More ligaments and muscles

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9
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Ring of cartilage surrounding the border of the acetabulum

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10
Q

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral

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11
Q

Which ligament prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint?

A

Pubofemoral

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12
Q

Which is the strongest ligament in the human body?

A

Iliofemoral

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13
Q

What are the hip flexor muscles?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus

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14
Q

Which muscle is the chief flexor of the thigh?

A

Psoas major

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15
Q

Which muscle is the main extensor of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus maximus

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16
Q

What are the hip adductors?

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Pectineus
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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the adductor compartment?

A

Obturator nerve

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18
Q

What are the hip abductors?

A

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus

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19
Q

What is the gait pattern of someone with Trendelenberg gait?

A

Weakness of hip abductors mean the hip drops opposite to the affected side when walking

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20
Q

What are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

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21
Q

What are the three compartments that muscles of the thigh are arranged into?

A

Anterior/quadriceps/extensors (of the knee)
Medial/adductors (of the hip)
Posterior/hamstrings/flexors (of the knee)

22
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior/quadriceps/extensor compartment?

A

Femoral nerve

23
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial/adductor compartment?

A

Obturator nerve

24
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior/hamstrings/flexor compartment?

A

Sciatic nerve

25
Q

What are the four heads/parts of the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

26
Q

To which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity

27
Q

What are the three actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

A

Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation

28
Q

Through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?

A

Obturator foramen

29
Q

Which structures pass through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral artery and vein

30
Q

What do the femoral artery and vein become immediately after leaving the adductor hiatus?

A

Popliteal artery and vein

31
Q

The femoral artery is the continuation of which artery?

A

External iliac artery

32
Q

At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

After passing the inguinal ligament

33
Q

The femoral artery enters the thigh midway between which two bony surface markings?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

Symphysis pubis

34
Q

What is the large branch of the femoral artery which passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?

A

Profunda femoris artery

35
Q

The femoral vein is the continuation of which vein?

A

Popliteal vein

36
Q

The femoral vein passes under the inguinal ligament to continue as which larger vein?

A

External iliac vein

37
Q

Which two important veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris vein

Great saphenous vein

38
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Rectus femoris

39
Q

What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus

40
Q

What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius

41
Q

Which structure forms the base of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

42
Q

What are the three major structures in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

43
Q

What is in the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery

44
Q

What is in the intermediate compartment of the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral vein

45
Q

What is in the medial compartment of the femoral sheath?

A

AKA femoral canal - lymphatic vessels

46
Q

Are femoral hernias more common in males or females?

A

Female

47
Q

Where is the adductor canal?

A

The extension of the femoral canal distally, beneath the musculature

48
Q

What are some other names for the adductor canal?

A

Subsartorial canal

Hunter’s canal

49
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A 
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
2 branches of the femoral nerve:
- Saphenous nerve
- Nerve to vastus medialis
50
Q

What are two of the major nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral

Obturator

51
Q

Which ventral rami contribute to the formation of the lumbar plexus?

A

T12-L4

Adele MSK (22 decks)

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