fluid electrolyte Flashcards
Which sol should be given postoperation?
Isotonic solution
In skin lesions where there’s a lot of fluid loss/volume depletion, which sol should u give?
Normal 0.9% saline; isotonic
In diarrhea cases, which sol to give?
Ringer lactate
In hyperglycemia cases which sol u must give?
Isotonic saline
In hypertension cases which sol u must give?
0.9 normal saline
Which sol do we give to hyperkalemic, diabetes milletus hypoglycemic patients?
Dextrose 5%
If you want to rehydrate patients of vomiting and diarrhea, which solution do u give?
Isotonic: This is the most common type of IV fluid. Isotonic IV fluids include normal saline, 5% dextrose solutions dissolved in water, and Lactated Ringer’s solutions.
These are used for dehydration caused by electrolyte imbalances as well as fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting.
How to replenish gastric fluid loss?
0.9 NaCl saline
You should give electrolytes …..
Slowly; otherwise you’ll get serious complications
Sudden increases will change osmolarity
What are the normal values of
Na+:
K+:
Mg+:
Ca+:
Na+:135-145 mEq/kg
K+: 3.5-5 mEq/kg
Mg+: 1.7-2.5 mg/dL
Ca+: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
What are the symptoms of each electrolyte?
A healthy person should consume how much fluid?
2L
Daily water loss=….. L with insensible loss
0.5 excreted with urine
In cases of pancreatic fistula, which iv sol must be given?
Ringer lactate/ 0.9 saline
What is the main electrolyte in stomach, pancreas, and bowel?
Potassium K+
What is the most imp extracellular fluid electrolyte?
Na+
What is the most prevalent complication in hyper and hypo- natremia?
CNS symptoms; coma, seizures, lethargy, mental changes
HYPERKALEMIA in the heart causes…?
Paralysis of the heart
HYPOKALEMIA in smooth muscle causes…?
Paralysis in smooth muscle
What is the treatment of electrolyte loss?
Slow replenishment
What is the major intracellular electrolyte that would cause arrhythmia if given suddenly?
Potassium K+
What are the CNS Hyponatremic(low Na+ in ESS) symptoms
Headache
Confusion
Seizures
Coma
Inc intracranial pressure
What are the cardiovascular Hyponatremic(low Na+ in ESS) symptoms
Bradycardia & hypertension
What are the cardiovascular Hypernatremic(high Na+ in ESS) symptoms
Tachycardia & hypotension(bcz of the low volume in blood)
What are the tissue Hypernatremic(high Na+ in ESS) symptoms
Reduction of saliva and tears
Red swollen tongue
Sry sticky muscous
What are the metabolic HYPERnatremic(high Na+ in ESS) symptoms
Fever
What is the urination status during hyponatremia and hypernatremia?
Oliguria
What are the tissue Hypornatremic(low Na+ in ESS) symptoms
Inc tears and saliva secretion
What is the basic structure of fluid that holds in electrolytes and is found in the interstitial fluid b/w bones and muscles and vessels?
Plasma from blood
If there’s lack of plasma b/w bones and muscles , there’ll be ……?
Osteoporosis in bones and spasms in muscles
If there’s excess of plasma b/w bones and muscles , there’ll be ……?
Calcification s.a. In kidney stones
And calcific pancreatitis
Ca2+ is regulated by …… and parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
K+
Ca+
Definition hypercalcemia
And hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
K+: hypokalemia<3.5-5.5>hyperkalemia
Ca2+: hypocalcemia<8.5-10.5>hypercalcemi
What are the GIS complications/clinical findings of Hyperkalemia(>5mg) vs. Hypokalemia (<3.5)
Hyperkalemia; GIS: vomiting,colic pain, diarrhea
Hypokalemia; GIS: constipation
What are the neuromuscular complications/clinical findings of Hyperkalemia(>5mg) vs. Hypokalemia (<3.5)
Hyperkalemia; neuromuscular: weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure
Hypokalemia; neuromuscular: dec reflexes, fatigue, weakness, paralysis
What are the cardiovascular complications/clinical findings of Hyperkalemia(>5mg) vs. Hypokalemia (<3.5)
Hyperkalemia; cardiovascular: arrythmia, cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia; cardiovascular: cardiac arrest
What happens if hyponatremia is treated rapidly?
You may cause osmotic demyelination syndrome, which causes neurological symptoms such as coma, seizures, altered mental status. Only severe symptomatic hyponatremic pt are treated with normal saline at 0.5 to 1 mEq/L/hr
