fluid electrolyte

Question 1

Which sol should be given postoperation?

Answer 1

Isotonic solution

Question 2

In skin lesions where there’s a lot of fluid loss/volume depletion, which sol should u give?

Answer 2

Normal 0.9% saline; isotonic

Question 3

In diarrhea cases, which sol to give?

Answer 3

Ringer lactate

Question 4

In hyperglycemia cases which sol u must give?

Answer 4

Isotonic saline

Question 5

In hypertension cases which sol u must give?

Answer 5

0.9 normal saline

Question 6

Which sol do we give to hyperkalemic, diabetes milletus hypoglycemic patients?

Answer 6

Dextrose 5%

Question 7

If you want to rehydrate patients of vomiting and diarrhea, which solution do u give?

Answer 7

Isotonic: This is the most common type of IV fluid. Isotonic IV fluids include normal saline, 5% dextrose solutions dissolved in water, and Lactated Ringer’s solutions.

These are used for dehydration caused by electrolyte imbalances as well as fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting.

Question 8

How to replenish gastric fluid loss?

Answer 8

0.9 NaCl saline

Question 9

You should give electrolytes …..

Answer 9

Slowly; otherwise you’ll get serious complications

Sudden increases will change osmolarity

Question 10

What are the normal values of
Na+:
K+:
Mg+:
Ca+:

Answer 10

Na+:135-145 mEq/kg
K+: 3.5-5 mEq/kg
Mg+: 1.7-2.5 mg/dL
Ca+: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL

Question 11

What are the symptoms of each electrolyte?

Question 12

A healthy person should consume how much fluid?

Answer 12

2L

Question 13

Daily water loss=….. L with insensible loss

Answer 13

0.5 excreted with urine

Question 14

In cases of pancreatic fistula, which iv sol must be given?

Answer 14

Ringer lactate/ 0.9 saline

Question 15

What is the main electrolyte in stomach, pancreas, and bowel?

Answer 15

Potassium K+

Question 16

What is the most imp extracellular fluid electrolyte?

Answer 16

Na+

Question 17

What is the most prevalent complication in hyper and hypo- natremia?

Answer 17

CNS symptoms; coma, seizures, lethargy, mental changes

Question 18

HYPERKALEMIA in the heart causes…?

Answer 18

Paralysis of the heart

Question 19

HYPOKALEMIA in smooth muscle causes…?

Answer 19

Paralysis in smooth muscle

Question 20

What is the treatment of electrolyte loss?

Answer 20

Slow replenishment

Question 21

What is the major intracellular electrolyte that would cause arrhythmia if given suddenly?

Answer 21

Potassium K+

Question 22

What are the CNS Hyponatremic(low Na+ in ESS) symptoms

Answer 22

Headache
Confusion
Seizures
Coma
Inc intracranial pressure

Question 23

What are the cardiovascular Hyponatremic(low Na+ in ESS) symptoms

Answer 23

Bradycardia & hypertension

Question 24

What are the cardiovascular Hypernatremic(high Na+ in ESS) symptoms

Answer 24

Tachycardia & hypotension(bcz of the low volume in blood)

Question 25

What are the tissue Hypernatremic(high Na+ in ESS) symptoms

Answer 25

Reduction of saliva and tears
Red swollen tongue
Sry sticky muscous

Question 26

What are the metabolic HYPERnatremic(high Na+ in ESS) symptoms

Answer 26

Fever

Question 27

What is the urination status during hyponatremia and hypernatremia?

Answer 27

Oliguria

Question 28

What are the tissue Hypornatremic(low Na+ in ESS) symptoms

Answer 28

Inc tears and saliva secretion

Question 29

What is the basic structure of fluid that holds in electrolytes and is found in the interstitial fluid b/w bones and muscles and vessels?

Answer 29

Plasma from blood

Question 30

If there’s lack of plasma b/w bones and muscles , there’ll be ……?

Answer 30

Osteoporosis in bones and spasms in muscles

Question 31

If there’s excess of plasma b/w bones and muscles , there’ll be ……?

Answer 31

Calcification s.a. In kidney stones
And calcific pancreatitis

Question 32

Ca2+ is regulated by …… and parathyroid hormone

Answer 32

calcitonin

Question 33

K+
Ca+
Definition hypercalcemia
And hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia

Answer 33

K+: hypokalemia<3.5-5.5>hyperkalemia

Ca2+: hypocalcemia<8.5-10.5>hypercalcemi

Question 34

What are the GIS complications/clinical findings of Hyperkalemia(>5mg) vs. Hypokalemia (<3.5)

Answer 34

Hyperkalemia; GIS: vomiting,colic pain, diarrhea

Hypokalemia; GIS: constipation

Question 35

What are the neuromuscular complications/clinical findings of Hyperkalemia(>5mg) vs. Hypokalemia (<3.5)

Answer 35

Hyperkalemia; neuromuscular: weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure

Hypokalemia; neuromuscular: dec reflexes, fatigue, weakness, paralysis

Question 36

What are the cardiovascular complications/clinical findings of Hyperkalemia(>5mg) vs. Hypokalemia (<3.5)

Answer 36

Hyperkalemia; cardiovascular: arrythmia, cardiac arrest

Hypokalemia; cardiovascular: cardiac arrest

Question 37

What happens if hyponatremia is treated rapidly?

Answer 37

You may cause osmotic demyelination syndrome, which causes neurological symptoms such as coma, seizures, altered mental status. Only severe symptomatic hyponatremic pt are treated with normal saline at 0.5 to 1 mEq/L/hr