Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

what is a crystalloid solution (definition)

Answer 1

solutions containing fluid and electrolytes that are normally found in the body and they do not contain protein

Question 2

are crystalloids better at treating dehydration or expanding plasma volume?

Answer 2

dehydration

Question 3

examples of crystalloids need to know

Answer 3

normal saline, 3.3% dextrose and 0.3% NS, hypertonic saline, LR, D5W, D5W in 0.45 NS

Question 4

what are colloids (definition)

Answer 4

protein substances that increase colloid oncotic pressure

Question 5

examples of colloids need to know

Answer 5

albumin 5% and 25%, dextran 40 or 70, hetastarch

Question 6

what is albumin

Answer 6

natural protein that is normally produced by the liver

Question 7

what is the colloid oncotic pressure mainly

Answer 7

albumin

Question 8

what are blood products (definition)

Answer 8

only class of fluids that are able to carry oxygen

Question 9

what do blood products increase in the body

Answer 9

colloid osmotic pressure and plasma volume

Question 10

examples of blood products need to know

Answer 10

cryoprecipitate and plasma protein factors, fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, whole blood

Question 11

examples of electrolytes need to know

Answer 11

sodium cations and potassium cations,

Question 12

what is the most abundantly positively charged electrolyte in cells

Answer 12

potassium

Question 13

does imparted kidney function lead to higher or lower serum levels of potassium?

Answer 13

higher, possibly causing toxicity

Question 14

normal potassium value

Answer 14

3.5-5.5

Question 15

what happens when a person with hypokalemia also has digoxin therapy and what does it cause?

Answer 15

it causes digoxin toxicity and it results in ventricular dysrhythmias

Question 16

what are some things that potassium is responsible for?

Answer 16

muscle contraction, trasmission of nerve impulses, regulation of heart beat

Question 17

what are the substances given to someone who has severe hyperkalemia

Answer 17

IV sodium bicarbonate and sodium polystyrene sulphonate or hemodialysis

Question 18

what is the most abundant positively charged electrolyte outside of cells

Answer 18

sodium

Question 19

what are normal sodium values

Answer 19

135-145

Question 20

what are some things sodium is responsible for?

Answer 20

control of water distribution, fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 21

what is mild hyponatrimia treated with?

Answer 21

oral sodium chloride

Question 22

what is severe hyponatremia treated with?

Answer 22

IV NS or LR solution