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Botany > Flowers > Flashcards

Flowers Flashcards

1
Q

Flowering plants first appeared…

A

130 mya during the Cretaceous period.

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2
Q

Most current terrestrial landscapes are dominated by…

A

flowers.

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3
Q

The outer whorls are…

A

sterile (attract pollinators).

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4
Q

The outer whorls are also classified as…

A

sporophylls or spore-bearing leaves.

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5
Q

the stalk that supports a flower is the…

A

pedicel or peduncle if it supports an inflorescence or a solitary flower.

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6
Q

The area where the pedicel terminates is called the …

A

receptacle.

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7
Q

The ______ is where the remaining flower parts (minus the pedicel) are attached.

A

receptacle.

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8
Q

The outermost whorl is made up of…

A

sepals.

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9
Q

The collection of sepals is called the

A

calyx.

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10
Q

The second whorl consists of …

A

petals.

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11
Q

The collection of petals makes up the…

A

corolla.

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12
Q

What are tepals?

A

sepals and petals that look the same.

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13
Q

What constitutes the sterile parts of the flower?

A

sepals (calyx) and petals (corolla.)

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14
Q

All sterile parts of the flower, collectively, are called the …

A

perianth.

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15
Q

The third whorl is made up of…

A

stamens.

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16
Q

What are the two parts of the stamen?

A

anther and fillament.

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17
Q

The pollen bearing portions of a flower are collectively called the…

A

androecium.

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18
Q

The innermost whorl of a flower is the…

A

gynoecium.

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19
Q

The gynoecium consists of…

A

one or more carpels that contain one or more ovaries.

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20
Q

Fused carpels are called…

A

the pistil.

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21
Q

The swollen region at the base of a pistil is the…

A

ovary.

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22
Q

What is a simple ovary?

A

an ovary made from one carpel.

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23
Q

What is a compound ovary?

A

an ovary made from many carpels.

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24
Q

The tip, sticky portion of the pistil is the…

A

stigma.

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25
Q

What does the stigma sit on? (stalk of the carpel or pistil?)

A

the style.

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26
Q

What does syncarpel mean?

A

a fused carpel.

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27
Q

What is an apopetalous corolla?

A

a corolla of petals that are not fused.

28
Q

What are sepaloid sepals?

A

sepals that do not look like petals, but instead, look like sepals. (as opposed to those coined as tepals.)

29
Q

What is connotation?

A

fusion within a whorl (Petals fused to petals, carpels fused to carpels.)

30
Q

What is adnation?

A

fusion between whorls (like with the hypanthium.)

31
Q

What is Actinomorphic symmetry?

A

radial symmetry.

32
Q

What is zygomorphic symmetry?

A

bilateral symmetry.

33
Q

What are locules?

A

chambers in the ovary.

34
Q

A flower that doesn’t have all four whorls is said to be…

A

incomplete.

35
Q

A flower with all four whorls is said to be…

A

complete.

36
Q

If a flower has both stamens and carpels it is said to be…

A

perfect.

37
Q

If the flower lacks stamens or carpels, it is…

A

imperfect.

38
Q

An imperfect flower containing only carpels is said to be

A

stamenate.

39
Q

An imperfect flower containing only carpels is said to be …

A

carpellate (or pistillate.)

40
Q

Monoecious flowers are…

A

plants with both staminate and carpellate imperfect flowers.

41
Q

Diecious flowers are…

A

plants with only staminate or carpellate flowers, creating “male” and “female” versions.

42
Q

A grouping of flowers on a plant (not a single flower) are called…

A

an inflorescence.

43
Q

The stalk of an inflorescence is called a

A

peduncle.

44
Q

A peduncle functions to…

A

hold up the inflorescence.

45
Q

Once it passes the lowermost flower, the peduncle becomes…

A

the rachis.

46
Q

What is the rachis?

A

the main axis of the inflorescence.

47
Q

Individual flowers branch off the rachis on small stalks called…

A

pedicels.

48
Q

A bract is…

A

a leave that is modified to subtend a flower or the inflorescence.

49
Q

A cluster or whorl of bracts is termed a…

A

involucre.

50
Q

What is determinate florescence?

A

the oldest flower is at the time, and there is limited potential for growth. can be simple or compound.

51
Q

What is a cyme?

A

the oldest, biggest flower is on top.

52
Q

What is indeterminate florescence?

A

when the oldest flower is at the base. They have an unlimited potential for growth.

53
Q

What is a spike?

A

an indeterminate florescence in which leaves are attached directly to the rachis.

54
Q

What is a raceme?

A

an indeterminate florescence in which the leaves are attached to a pedicel before attaching to the rachis.

55
Q

What is a panicle?

A

a compound raceme.

56
Q

What is a catlien?

A

an indeterminate florescence that is vine like and grows downward.

57
Q

What is an umbel?

A

an umbel (dandelion) is a wind pollinated florescence in which all flowers are attached to a top point.

58
Q

What is a corymb?

A

an indeterminate florescence that has alternating pedicels with flowers that all appear as level at the top.

59
Q

Describe the head arrangement of a florescence.

A

all flowers are attached to a large receptacle that is supported by the peduncle.

60
Q

What is a compound umbel?

A

a group of umbels attached again at one point.

61
Q

Name the characteristics of the tulip.

A 
3 sepals (Petaloid)
3 petals
6 stamens
1 pistil
3 carpals
ovules attached at placenta
axile placentation
62
Q

Name the characteristics of the lily.

A 
3 sepals 
3 petals
6 stamens
Actinomorphic (radial symmetry) 
hypogenous
1 pistil
3 carpels
Axile placentation
63
Q

Name the characteristics of an Inca Lily.

A 
zygomorphic (bilateral)
3 sepals
3 petals
1 pistil
3 carpals
epigynous (inferior ovary)
Axile placentation
64
Q

Name the characteristics of a Carnation.

A 
Actinomorphic
Dicot
5 sepals, connate
hypogenous
more than 10 petals
10 stamens
1 pistil
2+ carpels
free central placentation
65
Q

Name the characteristics discussed of a rose.

A 
perigynous
actinomorphic
10+ petals
5 sepals
hypanthium
10+ stamens
10+ pistils
Marginal placentation
66
Q

Name the characteristics of the daisy.

A 
complete flowers
2 carpels
fused w inferior ovary
ray flowers
sepals
receptacular bracts and involucral bracts
peduncle
disk flowers

Botany (27 decks)

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