Flowers Flashcards
Flowering plants first appeared…
130 mya during the Cretaceous period.
Most current terrestrial landscapes are dominated by…
flowers.
The outer whorls are…
sterile (attract pollinators).
The outer whorls are also classified as…
sporophylls or spore-bearing leaves.
the stalk that supports a flower is the…
pedicel or peduncle if it supports an inflorescence or a solitary flower.
The area where the pedicel terminates is called the …
receptacle.
The ______ is where the remaining flower parts (minus the pedicel) are attached.
receptacle.
The outermost whorl is made up of…
sepals.
The collection of sepals is called the
calyx.
The second whorl consists of …
petals.
The collection of petals makes up the…
corolla.
What are tepals?
sepals and petals that look the same.
What constitutes the sterile parts of the flower?
sepals (calyx) and petals (corolla.)
All sterile parts of the flower, collectively, are called the …
perianth.
The third whorl is made up of…
stamens.
What are the two parts of the stamen?
anther and fillament.
The pollen bearing portions of a flower are collectively called the…
androecium.
The innermost whorl of a flower is the…
gynoecium.
The gynoecium consists of…
one or more carpels that contain one or more ovaries.
Fused carpels are called…
the pistil.
The swollen region at the base of a pistil is the…
ovary.
What is a simple ovary?
an ovary made from one carpel.
What is a compound ovary?
an ovary made from many carpels.
The tip, sticky portion of the pistil is the…
stigma.
What does the stigma sit on? (stalk of the carpel or pistil?)
the style.
What does syncarpel mean?
a fused carpel.
What is an apopetalous corolla?
a corolla of petals that are not fused.
What are sepaloid sepals?
sepals that do not look like petals, but instead, look like sepals. (as opposed to those coined as tepals.)
What is connotation?
fusion within a whorl (Petals fused to petals, carpels fused to carpels.)
What is adnation?
fusion between whorls (like with the hypanthium.)
What is Actinomorphic symmetry?
radial symmetry.
What is zygomorphic symmetry?
bilateral symmetry.
What are locules?
chambers in the ovary.
A flower that doesn’t have all four whorls is said to be…
incomplete.
A flower with all four whorls is said to be…
complete.
If a flower has both stamens and carpels it is said to be…
perfect.
If the flower lacks stamens or carpels, it is…
imperfect.
An imperfect flower containing only carpels is said to be
stamenate.
An imperfect flower containing only carpels is said to be …
carpellate (or pistillate.)
Monoecious flowers are…
plants with both staminate and carpellate imperfect flowers.
Diecious flowers are…
plants with only staminate or carpellate flowers, creating “male” and “female” versions.
A grouping of flowers on a plant (not a single flower) are called…
an inflorescence.
The stalk of an inflorescence is called a
peduncle.
A peduncle functions to…
hold up the inflorescence.
Once it passes the lowermost flower, the peduncle becomes…
the rachis.
What is the rachis?
the main axis of the inflorescence.
Individual flowers branch off the rachis on small stalks called…
pedicels.
A bract is…
a leave that is modified to subtend a flower or the inflorescence.
A cluster or whorl of bracts is termed a…
involucre.
What is determinate florescence?
the oldest flower is at the time, and there is limited potential for growth. can be simple or compound.
What is a cyme?
the oldest, biggest flower is on top.
What is indeterminate florescence?
when the oldest flower is at the base. They have an unlimited potential for growth.
What is a spike?
an indeterminate florescence in which leaves are attached directly to the rachis.
What is a raceme?
an indeterminate florescence in which the leaves are attached to a pedicel before attaching to the rachis.
What is a panicle?
a compound raceme.
What is a catlien?
an indeterminate florescence that is vine like and grows downward.
What is an umbel?
an umbel (dandelion) is a wind pollinated florescence in which all flowers are attached to a top point.
What is a corymb?
an indeterminate florescence that has alternating pedicels with flowers that all appear as level at the top.
Describe the head arrangement of a florescence.
all flowers are attached to a large receptacle that is supported by the peduncle.
What is a compound umbel?
a group of umbels attached again at one point.
Name the characteristics of the tulip.
3 sepals (Petaloid) 3 petals 6 stamens 1 pistil 3 carpals ovules attached at placenta axile placentation
Name the characteristics of the lily.
3 sepals 3 petals 6 stamens Actinomorphic (radial symmetry) hypogenous 1 pistil 3 carpels Axile placentation
Name the characteristics of an Inca Lily.
zygomorphic (bilateral) 3 sepals 3 petals 1 pistil 3 carpals epigynous (inferior ovary) Axile placentation
Name the characteristics of a Carnation.
Actinomorphic Dicot 5 sepals, connate hypogenous more than 10 petals 10 stamens 1 pistil 2+ carpels free central placentation
Name the characteristics discussed of a rose.
perigynous actinomorphic 10+ petals 5 sepals hypanthium 10+ stamens 10+ pistils Marginal placentation
Name the characteristics of the daisy.
complete flowers 2 carpels fused w inferior ovary ray flowers sepals receptacular bracts and involucral bracts peduncle disk flowers
