Chapter 24 Roots Flashcards
Which type of plant has a pith?
monocots
What layer sits right inside of the endodermis?
pericycle
What are the lines called between the primary xylem and primary phloem?
the vascular cambium
What three tissues make up the periderm?
cork (produced outward by cork cambium)
cork cambium (from secondary meristem)
phelloderm (grows inward from cork cambium)
Where do lateral or branch roots grow from?
they grow from the pericycle
what is another name for aerial roots?
adventitious roots
Aerial roots serve three functions. Name them.
aeration
stabilization
support
Describe aerial roots.
they are a root the grows from an above ground location.
monocot and dicot are what type of names?
taxonomic (like mammal vs. reptile.)
True or false. Roots need oxygen for respiration.
True.
How do plants thrive in flooding areas?
they form aerenchyma tissue (from parenchyma tissue) in roots to ventilate submerged tissues.
True or false. Some plants grow roots up out of the water to help with aeration (grow from ground upward.)
True.
What are Pneumatophores?
negative gravitropic roots that grow from underwater upward to aerate below water tissues.
What are contractile roots?
roots on bulbed plants that can shorten to draw the bulb below ground during adverse conditions. (10-70%)
What are epiphyte roots?
they form a commensal relationship with another plant and grow roots around them. This helps hold the plant in place. It does not hurt the other plant.
Buttress roots
grown in areas with shallow soil to support the plant. The roots grow upward making a sort of maze.
haustorium
a root that is parasitic. Example: dodder root is the most famous.
Storage root:
most store carbs, some store a lot of carbs. They also store water. Examples: Raphanus sativus and Beta vulgaris)
What is mutualism?
when species interact where both of them benefit.
mycorrhizae is?
plant roots that interact w soil fungi. (name means fungus root)
Why is it beneficial for plants to interact with underground fungus?
fungi have access to phosphorus, nitrogen, and water for the plant, and in exchange, the plant feeds the fungi carbohydrates.
endomycorrhiza is?
chitin; stains blue in microscopy and shows fungus not the plant.
Prokaryotes can break molecular Nitrogen bond, which is triple bonded and requires the most energy to break. What are the round things on plants with prokaryotic structures called?
root nodules.
What are the benefits received from a plant forming a relationship with prokaryotes?
the plant gets nitrogen (most energy expansion)
bacteria get fed and housed. they can live inside cells of plants, and once there, act more like organelles than organisms.
What are prokaryotes called when they are enveloped into plant tissue?
bacteroids.
