Chapter 24 Roots Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of plant has a pith?

A

monocots

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2
Q

What layer sits right inside of the endodermis?

A

pericycle

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3
Q

What are the lines called between the primary xylem and primary phloem?

A

the vascular cambium

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4
Q

What three tissues make up the periderm?

A

cork (produced outward by cork cambium)
cork cambium (from secondary meristem)
phelloderm (grows inward from cork cambium)

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5
Q

Where do lateral or branch roots grow from?

A

they grow from the pericycle

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6
Q

what is another name for aerial roots?

A

adventitious roots

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7
Q

Aerial roots serve three functions. Name them.

A

aeration
stabilization
support

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8
Q

Describe aerial roots.

A

they are a root the grows from an above ground location.

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9
Q

monocot and dicot are what type of names?

A

taxonomic (like mammal vs. reptile.)

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10
Q

True or false. Roots need oxygen for respiration.

A

True.

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11
Q

How do plants thrive in flooding areas?

A

they form aerenchyma tissue (from parenchyma tissue) in roots to ventilate submerged tissues.

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12
Q

True or false. Some plants grow roots up out of the water to help with aeration (grow from ground upward.)

A

True.

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13
Q

What are Pneumatophores?

A

negative gravitropic roots that grow from underwater upward to aerate below water tissues.

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14
Q

What are contractile roots?

A

roots on bulbed plants that can shorten to draw the bulb below ground during adverse conditions. (10-70%)

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15
Q

What are epiphyte roots?

A

they form a commensal relationship with another plant and grow roots around them. This helps hold the plant in place. It does not hurt the other plant.

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16
Q

Buttress roots

A

grown in areas with shallow soil to support the plant. The roots grow upward making a sort of maze.

17
Q

haustorium

A

a root that is parasitic. Example: dodder root is the most famous.

18
Q

Storage root:

A

most store carbs, some store a lot of carbs. They also store water. Examples: Raphanus sativus and Beta vulgaris)

19
Q

What is mutualism?

A

when species interact where both of them benefit.

20
Q

mycorrhizae is?

A

plant roots that interact w soil fungi. (name means fungus root)

21
Q

Why is it beneficial for plants to interact with underground fungus?

A

fungi have access to phosphorus, nitrogen, and water for the plant, and in exchange, the plant feeds the fungi carbohydrates.

22
Q

endomycorrhiza is?

A

chitin; stains blue in microscopy and shows fungus not the plant.

23
Q

Prokaryotes can break molecular Nitrogen bond, which is triple bonded and requires the most energy to break. What are the round things on plants with prokaryotic structures called?

A

root nodules.

24
Q

What are the benefits received from a plant forming a relationship with prokaryotes?

A

the plant gets nitrogen (most energy expansion)
bacteria get fed and housed. they can live inside cells of plants, and once there, act more like organelles than organisms.

25
Q

What are prokaryotes called when they are enveloped into plant tissue?

A

bacteroids.