Ch 3 Vocab

Question 1

acid free paper

Answer 1

paper produced by the kraft method of separating and delignifying fibers; is durable and long-lasting.

Question 2

antioxidant

Answer 2

a chemical that neutralizes certain types of destructive oxygen compounds within an organism’s body.

Question 3

artisan wood

Answer 3

a wood used for beauty instead of strength or low cost.

Question 4

bast fiber

Answer 4

a fiber extracted from the phloem of a plant, usually from bark.

Question 5

bran

Answer 5

in cereal grains such as wheat or rice, bran consists of all parts of the fruit or seed that aren’t the embryo (embryo is referred to as the germ of the seed.)

Question 6

capsaicin

Answer 6

compound in Capsicum peppers that causes them to be pungent. (hot)

Question 7

cassia

Answer 7

usually sold as cinnamon, cassia is the bark of any of several trees related to the one that provides true cinnamon, Cinnamomum verum

Question 8

cereal grains

Answer 8

the edible fruit (but often called a seed) of any of several true grasses cultivated for use as food for either people or animals.

Question 9

complementary proteins

Answer 9

In foods, two proteins can complement each other if each contains amino acids that the other is missing.

Question 10

complete protein

Answer 10

In food, a protein that contains all the amino acids in adequate amounts for the animal’s metabolism.

Question 11

drying oil

Answer 11

a highly unsaturated plant oil that polymerizes into a hard film when excited exposed to oxygen; many are used to protect wood and make it shine.

Question 12

empiricism

Answer 12

a theory that proposes that the analysis of a phenomenon must include the gathering of observations and experimental results in addition to the use of reason and logic. vs. rationalism.

Question 13

engineered wood

Answer 13

an artificial wood product made by gluing smaller wood pieces or fibers into a large shape. Particle board and plywood are examples.

Question 14

agriculture

Answer 14

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Question 15

autotroph

Answer 15

an organism that synthesizes its own organic compounds using only carbon dioxide and mineral nutrients.

Question 16

cereal

Answer 16

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Question 17

crop

Answer 17

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Question 18

domestication

Answer 18

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Question 19

energy

Answer 19

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Question 20

essential amino acid

Answer 20

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Question 21

grass

Answer 21

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Question 22

herb

Answer 22

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Question 23

heterotroph

Answer 23

an organism that obtains its carbon from organic molecules, not from carbon dioxide.

Question 24

legume

Answer 24

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Question 25

spice

Answer 25

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Question 26

ethnobotany

Answer 26

the study of the relationships between plants and people; very often emphasis is placed on the ways that people use certain plants.

Question 27

evidence-based decision making

Answer 27

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Question 28

extraxylary fiber

Answer 28

a fiber that occurs anywhere other than in the xylem; often located in the phloem or near the epidermis.

Question 29

Fertile Crescent

Answer 29

The portion of the Near East that includes Iraq and Iran, and which was the site where the first cities and agriculture were established.

Question 30

food desert

Answer 30

a modern term used to describe areas of a city in which fresh, high quality foods are scarce or unavailable.

Question 31

genetically modified organism (GMO)

Answer 31

an organism whose DNA has been artificially modified by means of recombinant DNA technology. Organisms produced by cross-breeding and artificial selection are not considered to be GMOs.

Question 32

geotextile

Answer 32

nets and coarse fibers used to cover and stabilize bare ground after construction damage or a fire; the geotextiles should decompose as plants become reestablished.

Question 33

germ (of a seed)

Answer 33

embryo of a seed

Question 34

gluten

Answer 34

a protein found in the flour of wheat and several other cereals; it gives bread its elasticity and allows it to rise.

Question 35

glycemic index

Answer 35

a measurement of the rate at which carbohydrates are digested and how quickly they cause an increase in blood sugar levels. Foods with a high glycemic index cause blood sugar levels to rise more quickly than those with a low index.

Question 36

hard fiber

Answer 36

a term used in the textile industry for fibers derived from leaves instead of bark or wood.

Question 37

incomplete protein

Answer 37

in nutrition, an incomplete protein lacks some of the essential amino acids, or has some of them in very low, inadequate amounts. Consequently, a person cannot rely on an incomplete protein as a sole source of amino acids.

Question 38

infusion

Answer 38

a drink such as tea in which plant material is steeped in water, then the plant material is discarded and only the water extract is used.

Question 39

old growth forest

Answer 39

a forest that has existed without major disturbance for a long time (usually defined as more than 120 years.) Many old growth forests have been destroyed by people who log them for lumber, firewood or other resources.

Question 40

rationalism

Answer 40

a theory that proposes that reason and logical thought are sufficient for analyzing a phenomenon; observations and experiments are considered unnecessary.

Question 41

retting

Answer 41

extracting fibers from plant material by placing the harvested plants in a shallow pool of water and allowing the soft parts of the plants to be decomposed by fungi and bacteria

Question 42

soft fiber

Answer 42

among textiles fibers, soft fibers are those extracted from phloem, cortex, or bark.

Question 43

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Answer 43

the psychoactive chemical in marijuana

Question 44

whole wheat flour

Answer 44

flour produced by grinding entire fruits of wheat; it contains bran (the dried fruit wall) along with the endosperm and germ (embryo), enzymes in the germ will cause whole wheat flour to become rancid if not kept perfectly dry. White flour lacks bran and germ.

Question 45

wood fiber

Answer 45

in textiles and the manufacturing of paper, a wood fiber is one extracted from wood. synonym: xylary fiber. If wood of eudicots is used, then the fibers are actually fibers in the botanical sense (single cells with narrow pits), but if conifer wood is used, then the wood fibers are actually tracheids.

Question 46

xylary fibers

Answer 46

synonym for wood fiber