Ch. 3 lecture review

Question 1

What are the two major components of a plant cell?

Answer 1

the cell wall and the protoplast.

Question 2

What are the three major claims of cell theory?

Answer 2

1. all living organisms are made of one or more cells
2. cells are the smallest unit of life.
   a. cells are fundamental units of structure, function and organization in living organisms.
   b. nothin smaller than a cell can be alive.
3. new cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

In a plant cell, this interior structure makes up about 90% of the internal cell space.

Answer 3

Central vacuole

Question 4

What four major structures make up the protoplast?

Answer 4

1. the plasma membrane
2. nucleus
3. central vacuole
   4 cytoplasm

Question 5

This structure is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with a thickness of around 8 nanometers.

Answer 5

plasma membrane

Question 6

True or false. The plasma membrane is pressed up against the cell wall.

Answer 6

True.

Question 7

True or false. The endoplasmic reticulum is the outer boundary of the protoplast.

Answer 7

False. The outer boundary of the protoplast is the plasma membrane.

Question 8

What are the four functions of the plasma membrane discussed in lecture?

Answer 8

1. serves as a barrier
2. regulates materials entering and exiting protoplast.
3. interprets signals from outside cell
4. coordinates synthesis of cell wall

Question 9

What are the two purposes of the nucleus discussed in lecture?

Answer 9

controls cell activity by directing protein synthesis

contains most DNA

Question 10

What are the 5 purposes of the central vacuole?

Answer 10

contains water (aqueous medium with soluable materials)
contains inorganic solutes like salts
contains organic solutes like alkaloids
contains pigments and enzymes
helps with cell growth

Question 11

What are the purposes of the cytoplasm as discussed in lecture?

Answer 11

includes many organelles suspended in a liquid cytosol.

Question 12

What are the 6 organelles commonly found in the cytoplasm?

Answer 12

mitochondria
ribosomes
chloroplasts
peroxisome
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi bodies

Question 13

True or false. The cell wall is the outer component of a plant cell.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

True or false. The cell wall is interior to the plasma membrane.

Answer 14

False. The cell wall is exterior to the plasma membrane.

Question 15

What is the major component of the cell wall, which forms microfibrils?

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

True or False. there are 5-10 layers of cellulose microfibrils.

Answer 16

False. There are 10-15 layers.

Question 17

What are the two other carbohydrates associated with the structure of the cell wall?

Answer 17

hemicellulose and pectin.

Question 18

What is the function of hemicellulose?

Answer 18

it cross-links cellulose microfibrils.

Question 19

What is the function of pectin?

Answer 19

is sticky, to glue cell walls to neighboring cells.

Question 20

What properties of the primary cell wall did we discuss in lecture?

Answer 20

always formed
outer most layer
cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin
thin, extensible
allows growth
highly hydrated

Question 21

What is the middle lamella?

Answer 21

area of intercellular material that is rich in pectin; cements together the primary cell walls of neighbor cells.

Question 22

What is the name of the cell shape, which has 14 sides?

Answer 22

tetradecagon

Question 23

What is the plasmodesmata?

Answer 23

holes through the common cell wall (between two cells) that allows the exchange of cytoplasm.

Question 24

True or False. The endoplasmic reticulum travels through the plasmodesmata.

Answer 24

True.