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Botany > Algae > Flashcards

Algae Flashcards

1
Q

what are algae?

A

photosynthetic protists.

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2
Q

Phycology is the study of what?

A

algae.

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3
Q

In the oceanic setting, what do algae do?

A

they play a similar role for photosynthetic land plants.

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4
Q

What is a monophyletic group?

A

an ancestor and all its descendants.

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5
Q

What is a paraphyletic group?

A

an ancestor and only some of its descendants. (superficial.)

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6
Q

What is a polyphyletic group?

A

unrelated organisms grouped together.

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7
Q

What three characteristics are used to determine differences between green, red and brown algae?

A
  1. chloroplast pigments.
  2. food storage form.
  3. cell wall.
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8
Q

Brown (Phaeophyta) Algae have what chloroplast pigments?

A

Chl a, Chl c, and carotenoids. The predominant is fucoxanthin.

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9
Q

Red (Rhodophyta) Algae have what chloroplast pigments?

A

Chl a and phycobilin. The predominant is phycoerythium. (erithro means red.)

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10
Q

Green (Chlorophyta) Algae have what chloroplast pigments?

A

Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids. The predominant is Chl a.

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11
Q

What food storage form do Phaeophyta use (brown)?

A

Laminarin (Stored in vacuoles) makes up 34% of body weight.

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12
Q

What food storage form do Rhodophyta (red) use?

A

Fioridean starch (cytosol.)

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13
Q

What food storage form do green (Chlorophyta) use?

A

starch in plastids.

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14
Q

What is the cell wall of Phaeophyta (Brown) made of?

A

cellulose and algin.

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15
Q

What is the cell wall of Rhodophyta (red) made of?

A

cellulose, carrageenan, and agor.

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16
Q

What is the cell wall of Chlorophyta (green) made of?

A

cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.

17
Q

What is algin?

A

gooey stuff that keeps the cell hydrated.

18
Q

What are the characteristics of Division Phaeophyta?

A
  1. mostly marine
  2. multicellular
  3. dominate rocky shorelines in cold water.
  4. Have two growth forms: rockweed and kelp.
19
Q

What are the characteristics of rockweed?

A
  1. short and highly branched.
  2. gametic meiosis.
  3. only haploid at gametes.
20
Q

What are the characteristics of kelp?

A
  1. taller, fewer branches.
  2. have alteration of generations life cycle
  3. multicellular diploid stage
  4. reproduction occurs in the haploid stage.
21
Q

What are the parts (anatomical) of the kelp plant?

A
  1. the holdfast (looks like a root but not a root)
  2. the stipe (looks like a stem)
  3. blade (looks like a leaf, is photosynthetic and has similar cells.)
  4. air bladders buoyancy.
22
Q

How large can giant kelp grow?

A

greater than 60 meters.

23
Q

In the deeper parts of the ocean, how do kelp transport food?

A

with trumpet cells. (look like phloem.)

24
Q

Why do kelp not need a xylem like organ?

A

they are already surrounded by water.

25
Q

What are some ways we use brown algae?

A

kelp is burned for ash. are used as fertilizer, and algin is used in foods, paper, textiles, brewing, etc.)

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the division Rhodophyta? (red)

A
  1. mostly marine, especially tropical or warm waters.
  2. most are multicellular.
  3. found more deep in water than any other photosynthetic organism. (268 m in depth, deepest organism found; 100 m shallower if not red algae.)
  4. can be purple, blue, or black.
  5. biggest group deposits lime in cell walls. (coralline algae, but are not corals.)
27
Q

What are the uses of red algae?

A
  1. eaten for food (Irish moss was eaten during potato famine.)
  2. source of agar.
  3. source of carrageenan (emulsifier)
28
Q

What are the characteristics of Division Chlorophyta?

A
  1. more diverse than brown or red.
  2. occur in fresh/salt water, trees, soil, and snow.
  3. often recognized by cell division (one chloroplast per cell.)
  4. alternation of generations (isomorphic)
29
Q

viridaplantae is a monophyletic group that contains what two organisms?

A

green algae and plants.

30
Q

Green Algae is what type of phyletic group?

A

paraphyletic.

31
Q

Classes end in what?

A

phycae.

32
Q

What are the characteristics of Plantae?

A

alteration of germinations life cycle and both haploid and diploid multi-cellular stages.

33
Q

What are the uses of green algae?

A

base of most aquatic food chains, some are eaten, used by animals to become photosynthetic (Kleptoplasty).

34
Q

Chlorophyta includes what type of algae groups?

A

unicellular, filamentous, colonial, coenocytic (multi-nuclear) and multicellular.

Botany (27 decks)

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