FLAVIVIRIDAE

Question 1

“Flavus” means ?

Answer 1

Yellow

Question 2

What is the prototype virus of Flaviviridae?

Answer 2

Yellow fever virus

Question 3

Flaviviridae virusese are mostly vector-borne. True or False?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Describe the genome of Flaviviridae.

Answer 4

Linear, positive sense, single-stranded RNA (viral RNA genome serves directly as mRNA)

Question 5

There are 3 structural proteins in genera Flavivirus, Hepacivirus and Pegivirus. Which one is nucleocapsid protein?

Answer 5

C

Question 6

There are 3 structural proteins in genera Flavivirus, Hepacivirus and Pegivirus. Which one is a precursor glycoprotein that yields M (transmembrane protein)?

Answer 6

prM

Question 7

There are 3 structural proteins in genera Flavivirus, Hepacivirus and Pegivirus. Which one is a major spike glycoprotein?

Answer 7

E

Question 8

There are 3 structural proteins in genera Flavivirus, Hepacivirus and Pegivirus. Which one is the major target of neutralizing antibodies?

Answer 8

E

Question 9

What are the 4 structural proteins of Genus Pestivirus?

Answer 9

• C (nucleocapsid protein)
• Erns, E1 and E2 (envelope proteins)

Question 10

Flaviviridae has 7-8 non structural proteins (NSPs). Which one is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase?

Answer 10

NS5

Question 11

Flaviviridae attaches to host via ?

Answer 11

E glycoproteins

Question 12

Flaviviridae can be easily inactivated by heat, common disinfectant and organic solvents. True or False?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Give some examples of Mosquito-borne flaviviruses.

Answer 13

o Dengue virus (4 serotypes: DENV-1 to DENV-4)
o Yellow fever virus
o Japanese encephalitis virus
o Zika Virus
o West Nile virus
o Murray Valley Encephalitis Virus
o St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
o Wesselsbron Virus

Question 14

Among the Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, which one has has teratogenic effects: microcephaly in babies?

Answer 14

Zika Virus

Question 15

Tick-borne encephalitis virus is transmitted primarily by what vector?

Answer 15

Ixodid ticks

Question 16

Tick-borne encephalitis may also lead to what ds.?

Answer 16

Hemorrhagic fever

Question 17

Give some examples of tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Answer 17

• Omsk hemorrhagic fever
• Kyasanur Forest ds.

Question 18

Japanese Encephalitis Virus survivors have what permanent illness?

Answer 18

Neurological deficits

Question 19

What is the primary mosquito vector for JEV?

Answer 19

• Culex triataeniorhynchus
  — also: Culex and Aedes spp.

Question 20

What are the dead-end hosts of JEV?

Answer 20

Humans and horses

Question 21

Give the pathogenesis and clinical signs of JEV.

Answer 21

Infects neurons and causes encephalitis → leading to neuronal inflammation, degeneration and severe neurological symptoms

Question 22

Vax. are available for JEV. True or False?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Identify the Mosquito-borne flavivirus with the given geographical origin:

In Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Korea, Russia, Sri Lanka, India, Australia

Answer 23

Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Question 24

Identify the Mosquito-borne flavivirus with the given geographical origin:

Africa, Middle East, Asia and Australia

Answer 24

West Nile Virus

Question 25

Identify the Mosquito-borne flavivirus with the given geographical origin: Tropical and subtropical regions

Answer 25

Dengue Virus

Question 26

Identify the Mosquito-borne flavivirus with the given geographical origin: Tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and America

Answer 26

Yellow fever Virus

Question 27

This virus is the major cause of viral encephalitis in humans, horses, camelids, and birds along with mild febrile illness.

Answer 27

West Nile Virus

Question 28

Give the transmission vector of West Nile Virus.

Answer 28

Culex spp. in wild bird cycle

Question 29

JEV and WNV have the same dead-end hosts. True or False?

Answer 29

True: humans and horses

Question 30

What is the most important domestic animal affected by WNV?

Answer 30

Horses

Question 31

West Nile Virus has no vaccines available. True or False?

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is the reservoir host of Dengue Virus?

Answer 32

African monkeys

Question 33

How many Dengue virus serotypes are present?

Answer 33

4 serotypes: DENV-1 to DENV-4

Question 34

This sp. is the primary vector of Dengue Virus.

Answer 34

Aedes aegypti

Question 35

This sp. is responsible for small outbreaks of Dengue Virus.

Answer 35

Aedes albopictus

Question 36

Give the clinical signs of Dengue Virus.

Answer 36

Acute febrile illness (dengue fever); hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (life-threatening)

Question 37

This is the primary vector of Yellow Fever Virus.

Answer 37

Aedes aegypti

Question 38

The jungle transmission cycle of YFV involves?

Answer 38

Monkeys

Question 39

The urban transmission cycle of YFV involves

Answer 39

Humans transmitted by mosquitoes

Question 40

Give the clinical signs of YFV.

Answer 40

Fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice, renal failure, hemorrhage

Question 41

Louping Ill Virus is mosquito-borne. True or False?

Answer 41

False

Question 42

What is the primary reservoir host of Louping Ill virus?

Answer 42

Sheep; occasionally in horses, cattle, dear

Question 43

What is the primary vector of Loupin Ill virus?

Answer 43

Ixodes Ricinus

Question 44

What are the clinical signs of Louping Ill virus in sheep?

Answer 44

o Biphasic febrile response, ataxia, tremors, paralysis o Peculiar, leaping gait of ataxic sheep

Question 45

What are the clinical signs of Louping Ill virus in humans?

Answer 45

Influenza-like symptoms

Question 46

Bovine viral diarrhea virus, border ds. virus, and classical swine fever virus belong to what genus?

Answer 46

Genus Pestivirus

Question 47

Give the 2 genotypes and 2 biotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus.

Answer 47

* Genotypes - Type 1& 2 * Biotypes - Cytopathic & Noncytopathic

Question 48

This disease syndrome of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus is characterized by acute illness including fever, leukopenia, diarrhea, nasal/ocular discharge, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage.

Answer 48

Bovine viral diarrhea

Question 49

This disease syndrome of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus is characterized by severe disease; fever, anorexia, profuse diarrhea, ulcerative stomatitis.

Answer 49

Mucosal ds.

Question 50

What are the transmission routes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus?

Answer 50

* Vertical (during pregnancy) * Horizontal (spread after birth via contaminated feed, water and aerosols)

Question 51

Border ds. virus affects what animal?

Answer 51

Sheep

Question 52

This virus causes hairy shaker ds. or fuzzy lamb syndrome.

Answer 52

Border ds. virus

Question 53

Give the c/s of Border ds. virus.

Answer 53

▪ Causes congenital disorder in lambs such as excessively hairy birth coat, hydranencephaly, skeletal deformities ▪ Neurological signs result from defective myelination of nerve fibers ▪ “hairy” fleece due to abnormal wool fiber production

Question 54

Border ds. virus is transmitted via ?

Answer 54

Direct contact

Question 55

Classical swine fever virus is also known as ?

Answer 55

Hog cholera

Question 56

Classical swine fever virus is transmitted via?

Answer 56

* DIrect contact * Indirect contact

Question 57

What are the c/s of Classical swine fever virus?

Answer 57

* C/S: high fever, depression, anorexia, conjunctivitis, vomiting, diarrhea and nervous system, hyperemia and purpura; may also cause abortions in pregnant sows * Lesions: petechial hemorrhages in the GIT, spleen, lymph nodes, kidneys (“turkey egg kidney”)

Question 58

Vax. are available for hog cholera. True or False?

Answer 58

True

Question 59

Genus Hepacivirus causes what ds. in humans?

Answer 59

Human hepatitis C virus (major cause of chronic, liver ds. in humans)

Question 60

Genus Pegivirus has restricted host range. True or False?

Answer 60

False