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PCT > Flashcards for Multiple Skills > Flashcards

Flashcards for Multiple Skills

1
Q

What are Active ROM Exercises?

A

When the patient can perform them

These exercises are designed to enhance the patient’s range of motion through voluntary movement.

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2
Q

What are Passive ROM Exercises?

A

When you perform them for the patient

These exercises are conducted by a caregiver to help maintain the patient’s range of motion.

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3
Q

How often should ROM exercises be performed?

A

At least twice daily

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4
Q

How many times should each sequence of ROM exercises be repeated for each joint?

A

5 times on each side of the body (except for the neck)

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5
Q

Where does skin breakdown usually occur?

A

Bony areas (sacrum, heels, elbows, hips, back of the head, perineal area)

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6
Q

What is the first stage of skin breakdown?

A

Redness that doesn’t blanch

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7
Q

What does the second stage of skin breakdown resemble?

A

Looks like a blister, with surface skin that peels or cracks open

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8
Q

Describe the third stage of skin breakdown.

A

Lost skin layers and underlying fat and tissue are visible

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9
Q

What characterizes the fourth stage of skin breakdown?

A

Resembles a crater, with damage all the way through to muscle and bone

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10
Q

What does ‘unstageable’ mean in terms of skin breakdown?

A

Crater is full of dead tissue

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of infection in wounds?

A
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Fever
  • Increasing pain and discomfort
  • Warmth around the wound
  • Foul odor
  • Drainage
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12
Q

What type of drainage is a clear indication of infection?

A

Purulent drainage (contains pus)

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13
Q

How do you know that a wound dressing needs replacement?

A
  • Moisture or drainage soaking the dressing
  • Looseness of the dressing
  • Nonadherence of the adhesive portion of the dressing or tape securing it
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14
Q

What should be checked if significant pain is anticipated during dressing change?

A

Consult with the nurse about the patient getting an analgesic 30 minutes prior to the dressing change

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15
Q

What should you do if the dressing adheres to the skin?

A

Moisten it with sterile water or sterile normal saline solution

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16
Q

What is required for oxygen therapy to be initiated?

A

It must be prescribed by a licensed provider

17
Q

What are the types of oxygen equipment?

A
  • Nasal cannula
  • Face mask
  • Nonrebreather
18
Q

What should be done if the patient has symptoms of dryness or the flow rate is greater than 4L/min?

A

Attach the flow meter to a humidifier

19
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxia?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Lack of concentration or focus
  • Fatigue
  • Hypertension
  • Cyanosis
  • Dyspnea
  • Increase/decrease in HR or RR
20
Q

What is the purpose of suction equipment?

A

To remove mucus, blood, vomit, and secretions from the patient’s mouth and throat

21
Q

What should you inform the patient before suctioning?

A

Suctioning can cause coughing, gagging, and sneezing

22
Q

What position should the patient be in during suctioning?

A

Raise the head of the bed to 45 degrees; if unconscious, place the patient on their side

23
Q

How long should you suction at a time?

A

No more than 15 seconds

24
Q

What should the patient do between suctioning?

A

Cough and breathe deeply

25
Q

What equipment is used for tracheostomy suctioning?

A

A sterile suction catheter kit

26
Q

What should be done before suctioning a patient with a tracheostomy?

A

Preoxygenate the patient

27
Q

How should the suction catheter be advanced?

A

Advance until you feel resistance and then pull back about 1 cm

28
Q

What is the maximum suction duration when using a catheter?

A

No longer than 10 seconds

29
Q

What does TCDB stand for?

A

Turning, coughing, deep breathing

30
Q

What does TCDB help prevent?

A

Respiratory complications

31
Q

How often should patients be encouraged to cough and take deep breaths?

A

Every 1-2 hours while awake

32
Q

What is the purpose of an incentive spirometer?

A

Breathing exercise to help prevent respiratory complications after surgery

33
Q

What is the correct technique for using an incentive spirometer?

A

Inhale, hold for 3 seconds, then exhale

34
Q

How often should patients be encouraged to use the incentive spirometer?

A

Every 1-2 hours

PCT (19 decks)

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