Chapter 17: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, meatus

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2
Q

purpose of urinary system

A

eliminate waste and maintain water balance

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3
Q

urinary inc

A

inability to control the bladder which leads to involuntary loss of urine
risk factors: bedridden, ill, elderly, paralyzation, circulatory or nervous system diseases/injuries

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4
Q

stress inc

A

loss of urine due to an increase in intra-abd pressure, ie. sneezing and coughing

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5
Q

urge inc

A

involuntarily voiding from a sudden urge to void

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6
Q

mixed inc

A

combo of urge and stress inc

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7
Q

functional inc

A

urine loss caused by environmental, cognitive, or physical reasons

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8
Q

overflow inc

A

loss of urine due to overflow or over distention of the bladder

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9
Q

UTI

A

desc: bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney
risk factors: female
S/S: pain or burning during urination, frequent feeling of needing to urinate, confusion in elderly
notes: commonly caused by E. coli

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10
Q

kidney stones

A

desc: form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys
Risk factors: lack of fluid intake, diet, infection, disorders, certain genetic factors
S.S: abd pain, flank pain, groin pain, painful urination, frequent urination, blood in urine, N/V, chills or fever
treatment: increased water intake, pain meds, procedure to break up larger stones

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11
Q

renovascular hypertension

A

desc: when a blockage of arteries in the kidneys causes high BP
treatment: meds to control BP, surgery

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12
Q

chronic renal failure (CRF)

A

desc: kidneys become unable to eliminate certain waste products from the body
risk factors: chronic UTIs, high BP, inflammation of kidneys (nephritis), diabetes, high sodium diet
S/S: high BP, decreased urine output, dark urine, anemia, N/V, loss of appetite, weight changes, fatigue, weakness, headaches, difficulty sleeping, back pain, edema, bloody or black stool
treatment: kidney dialysis, fluid restriction
notes: can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

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13
Q

renal cell cancer

A

desc: most common type of kidney cancer
risk factors: overweight, smoking, high BP, kidney disease
S/S: hematuria (blood in urine), back pain, swelling in the abd, fatigue, weight loss, fever

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14
Q

bladder cancer

A

risk factors: affects men more, smoking, exposure to chemicals and radiation

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15
Q

fracture pan

A

flatter than a regular bedpan
used for pts who can’t assist w/ raising their hips onto a regular bedpan

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16
Q

what do you note when collecting urine

A

color, consistency, odor

17
Q

portable commode

A

used for pts that can get OOB but can’t walk to the bathrooom

18
Q

straight catheter

A

inserted to drain urine then removed after

19
Q

indwelling catheter (Foley catheter)

A

remains inside the bladder for a period of time

20
Q

condom catheter

A

attachment that fits on to penis to drain urine; drains into a leg bad
changed daily

21
Q

dependent loops

A

an area where tubing falls below the drainage bag

22
Q

catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)

A

serious, life-threatening problem due to catheter use

23
Q

bladder scanning

A

tool used to reduce unnecessary catheterization; measures the amount of urine in the bladder
shouldn’t be used with pregnant or abd fluid build up

24
Q

routine urine speciment

A

collected any time of the day

25
hat
plastic collection container put into a toilet bowl to collect and measure urine/stool
26
clean-catch specimen
doesn't include the 1st and last urine voided of the sample, avoid contamination
27
24 hr urine speciment
collects all urine voided in a 24 hr period, used to test for certain chemicals and hormones must void and discard first urination
28
normal ph range of urine
4.6-8.0
29
what do pregnancy tests check for
presence of hCG
30
what does excessive glucose in urine show
the body isn't producing enough insulin
31
ketones
chem substances produced when the body burns fat for energy, produced when there isn't enough insulin; high ketones = low insulin
32
doubled-voided specimen
void first sample and dump then collect second void
33
what is a nitrite test used to determine
if a pt has a UTI
34
specific gravity (urine density) test
measures the concentration of chem particles in the urine normal values = 1.002-1.008 requires clean catch urine specimen