Chapter 17: Urinary System Flashcards
what is in the urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, meatus
purpose of urinary system
eliminate waste and maintain water balance
urinary inc
inability to control the bladder which leads to involuntary loss of urine
risk factors: bedridden, ill, elderly, paralyzation, circulatory or nervous system diseases/injuries
stress inc
loss of urine due to an increase in intra-abd pressure, ie. sneezing and coughing
urge inc
involuntarily voiding from a sudden urge to void
mixed inc
combo of urge and stress inc
functional inc
urine loss caused by environmental, cognitive, or physical reasons
overflow inc
loss of urine due to overflow or over distention of the bladder
UTI
desc: bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney
risk factors: female
S/S: pain or burning during urination, frequent feeling of needing to urinate, confusion in elderly
notes: commonly caused by E. coli
kidney stones
desc: form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys
Risk factors: lack of fluid intake, diet, infection, disorders, certain genetic factors
S.S: abd pain, flank pain, groin pain, painful urination, frequent urination, blood in urine, N/V, chills or fever
treatment: increased water intake, pain meds, procedure to break up larger stones
renovascular hypertension
desc: when a blockage of arteries in the kidneys causes high BP
treatment: meds to control BP, surgery
chronic renal failure (CRF)
desc: kidneys become unable to eliminate certain waste products from the body
risk factors: chronic UTIs, high BP, inflammation of kidneys (nephritis), diabetes, high sodium diet
S/S: high BP, decreased urine output, dark urine, anemia, N/V, loss of appetite, weight changes, fatigue, weakness, headaches, difficulty sleeping, back pain, edema, bloody or black stool
treatment: kidney dialysis, fluid restriction
notes: can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
renal cell cancer
desc: most common type of kidney cancer
risk factors: overweight, smoking, high BP, kidney disease
S/S: hematuria (blood in urine), back pain, swelling in the abd, fatigue, weight loss, fever
bladder cancer
risk factors: affects men more, smoking, exposure to chemicals and radiation
fracture pan
flatter than a regular bedpan
used for pts who can’t assist w/ raising their hips onto a regular bedpan
what do you note when collecting urine
color, consistency, odor
portable commode
used for pts that can get OOB but can’t walk to the bathrooom
straight catheter
inserted to drain urine then removed after
indwelling catheter (Foley catheter)
remains inside the bladder for a period of time
condom catheter
attachment that fits on to penis to drain urine; drains into a leg bad
changed daily
dependent loops
an area where tubing falls below the drainage bag
catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
serious, life-threatening problem due to catheter use
bladder scanning
tool used to reduce unnecessary catheterization; measures the amount of urine in the bladder
shouldn’t be used with pregnant or abd fluid build up
routine urine speciment
collected any time of the day
hat
plastic collection container put into a toilet bowl to collect and measure urine/stool
clean-catch specimen
doesn’t include the 1st and last urine voided of the sample, avoid contamination
24 hr urine speciment
collects all urine voided in a 24 hr period, used to test for certain chemicals and hormones
must void and discard first urination
normal ph range of urine
4.6-8.0
what do pregnancy tests check for
presence of hCG
what does excessive glucose in urine show
the body isn’t producing enough insulin
ketones
chem substances produced when the body burns fat for energy, produced when there isn’t enough insulin; high ketones = low insulin
doubled-voided specimen
void first sample and dump then collect second void
what is a nitrite test used to determine
if a pt has a UTI
specific gravity (urine density) test
measures the concentration of chem particles in the urine
normal values = 1.002-1.008
requires clean catch urine specimen
