Chapter 17: Urinary System

Question 1

what is in the urinary system

Answer 1

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, meatus

Question 2

purpose of urinary system

Answer 2

eliminate waste and maintain water balance

Question 3

urinary inc

Answer 3

inability to control the bladder which leads to involuntary loss of urine
risk factors: bedridden, ill, elderly, paralyzation, circulatory or nervous system diseases/injuries

Question 4

stress inc

Answer 4

loss of urine due to an increase in intra-abd pressure, ie. sneezing and coughing

Question 5

urge inc

Answer 5

involuntarily voiding from a sudden urge to void

Question 6

mixed inc

Answer 6

combo of urge and stress inc

Question 7

functional inc

Answer 7

urine loss caused by environmental, cognitive, or physical reasons

Question 8

overflow inc

Answer 8

loss of urine due to overflow or over distention of the bladder

Question 9

UTI

Answer 9

desc: bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney
risk factors: female
S/S: pain or burning during urination, frequent feeling of needing to urinate, confusion in elderly
notes: commonly caused by E. coli

Question 10

kidney stones

Answer 10

desc: form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys
Risk factors: lack of fluid intake, diet, infection, disorders, certain genetic factors
S.S: abd pain, flank pain, groin pain, painful urination, frequent urination, blood in urine, N/V, chills or fever
treatment: increased water intake, pain meds, procedure to break up larger stones

Question 11

renovascular hypertension

Answer 11

desc: when a blockage of arteries in the kidneys causes high BP
treatment: meds to control BP, surgery

Question 12

chronic renal failure (CRF)

Answer 12

desc: kidneys become unable to eliminate certain waste products from the body
risk factors: chronic UTIs, high BP, inflammation of kidneys (nephritis), diabetes, high sodium diet
S/S: high BP, decreased urine output, dark urine, anemia, N/V, loss of appetite, weight changes, fatigue, weakness, headaches, difficulty sleeping, back pain, edema, bloody or black stool
treatment: kidney dialysis, fluid restriction
notes: can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Question 13

renal cell cancer

Answer 13

desc: most common type of kidney cancer
risk factors: overweight, smoking, high BP, kidney disease
S/S: hematuria (blood in urine), back pain, swelling in the abd, fatigue, weight loss, fever

Question 14

bladder cancer

Answer 14

risk factors: affects men more, smoking, exposure to chemicals and radiation

Question 15

fracture pan

Answer 15

flatter than a regular bedpan
used for pts who can’t assist w/ raising their hips onto a regular bedpan

Question 16

what do you note when collecting urine

Answer 16

color, consistency, odor

Question 17

portable commode

Answer 17

used for pts that can get OOB but can’t walk to the bathrooom

Question 18

straight catheter

Answer 18

inserted to drain urine then removed after

Question 19

indwelling catheter (Foley catheter)

Answer 19

remains inside the bladder for a period of time

Question 20

condom catheter

Answer 20

attachment that fits on to penis to drain urine; drains into a leg bad
changed daily

Question 21

dependent loops

Answer 21

an area where tubing falls below the drainage bag

Question 22

catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)

Answer 22

serious, life-threatening problem due to catheter use

Question 23

bladder scanning

Answer 23

tool used to reduce unnecessary catheterization; measures the amount of urine in the bladder
shouldn’t be used with pregnant or abd fluid build up

Question 24

routine urine speciment

Answer 24

collected any time of the day

Question 25

hat

Answer 25

plastic collection container put into a toilet bowl to collect and measure urine/stool

Question 26

clean-catch specimen

Answer 26

doesn’t include the 1st and last urine voided of the sample, avoid contamination

Question 27

24 hr urine speciment

Answer 27

collects all urine voided in a 24 hr period, used to test for certain chemicals and hormones
must void and discard first urination

Question 28

normal ph range of urine

Answer 28

4.6-8.0

Question 29

what do pregnancy tests check for

Answer 29

presence of hCG

Question 30

what does excessive glucose in urine show

Answer 30

the body isn’t producing enough insulin

Question 31

ketones

Answer 31

chem substances produced when the body burns fat for energy, produced when there isn’t enough insulin; high ketones = low insulin

Question 32

doubled-voided specimen

Answer 32

void first sample and dump then collect second void

Question 33

what is a nitrite test used to determine

Answer 33

if a pt has a UTI

Question 34

specific gravity (urine density) test

Answer 34

measures the concentration of chem particles in the urine
normal values = 1.002-1.008
requires clean catch urine specimen