Chapter 11: Nutrition & Hydration

Question 1

Low-Sodium Diet (Low Na, NAS)

Answer 1

Restricts salt, no salt will be used
Used for pts who have high BP, heart disease, kidney disease
Modified fluid intake may also be required

Question 2

Fluid-Restricted Diet (RF)

Answer 2

Restricts fluid to maintain fluid balance in the body
Used for pts w/ severe heart disease or kidney disease that may have trouble processing fluid
Additional fluids or foods that count as fluids, such as ice cream, puddings, and gelatin should not be offered

Question 3

High-Potassium Diet (K+)

Answer 3

Used for pts who take certain BP meds or diuretics: these pts excrete so much fluid that their bodies may be depleted of potassium
Foods: bananas, grapefruit, oranges, orange juice

Question 4

Low-Protein/Renal Diet

Answer 4

Restricts protein because it breaks down into compounds that may lead to further kidney damage
Encourages veggies and starches

Question 5

Lowfat Diet

Answer 5

Diet low in saturated fats or, in cases of gallbladder disease and liver disease, restriction of all fats
Used for pts who have heart disease or who have had heart attacks

Question 6

Modified-Calorie Diet (Low Cal/High Cal)

Answer 6

reduces/increases calories to lose/gain weight

Question 7

Bland Diet

Answer 7

Avoids alcohol, caffeine, soft drinks, citrus juices, spicy foods, spicy seasonings
Used for pts who have gastric and duodenal ulcers and other intestinal disorders

Question 8

Diabetic Diet (NCS, LCS)

Answer 8

Uses carbohydrate counting
Must eat all food that is served
Avoid foods that are high in sugar

Question 9

Low-Residue/Low-Fiber Diet

Answer 9

Decreases the amount of fiber, whole grains, raw fruits and vegetables, seeds, and other foods, such as dairy products and coffee
Used for pts with bowel disorders like diverticulitis

Question 10

High-Residue/High-Fiber Diet

Answer 10

Increases intake of fiber and wholegrains
Used for pts with constipation

Question 11

Liquid Diet

Answer 11

Usually ordered for a short time due to a medical condition or before a test/surgery

Question 12

Clear liquid diet

Answer 12

includes clear juices, broth, gelatin, and popsicles

Question 13

Full liquid diet

Answer 13

includes all the liquids served on a clear liquid diet with the additions of cream soups, milk, and ice cream

Question 14

Soft Diet

Answer 14

Soft in texture and consists of soft or chopped foods that are easier to chew and swallow
High-fiber foods, fried foods, and spicy foods may also be limited
Used for pts who have trouble chewing and swallowing

Question 15

Mechanical Soft Diet

Answer 15

Consists of chopped or blended foods that are easier to chew and swallow
Does not limit spices, fat, and fiber like the soft diet

Question 16

Output

Answer 16

includes urine, feces, vomiting, perspiration, moisture in the air that a person exhales, and wound drainage

Question 17

Fluid overload

Answer 17

when the body cannot handle the fluid consumed; often affects people with heart or kidney disease

S/S: edema, weight gain, decreased urine output, SOB, increased HR, anxiety, skin that appears tight, smooth, or shiny

Question 18

Dysphagia

Answer 18

difficulty swallowing

Question 19

Nectar thick

Answer 19

thicker than water (like tomato juice), drank from a cup

Question 20

Honey thick

Answer 20

thickness of honey and pours very slowly, eaten with a spoon

Question 21

Pudding thick

Answer 21

liquid has become semisolid, spoon should stand up straight when put into the middle of the drink

Question 22

Nasogastric (NG) Tube

Answer 22

inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach

Question 23

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube

Answer 23

tube placed into the stomach through the abd wall

Question 24

Parenteral Nutrition (PN)

Answer 24

a solution of nutrients goes directly into the bloodstream