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PCT > Chapter 5: Infection Prevention & Control > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Infection Prevention & Control Flashcards

1
Q

infection

A

when harmful microorganisms invade and multiply within the body

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2
Q

localized infection

A

infection that is limited to a specific location in the body

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3
Q

systemic infection

A

infection affecting the entire body
causes fever, chills, mental confusion

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4
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care

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5
Q

chain of infection

A

causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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6
Q

medical asepsis

A

measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens

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7
Q

surgical asepsis

A

makes an object or area completely free of all microorganisms

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8
Q

occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

A

agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

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9
Q

centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

A

agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve the health of individuals and communities

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10
Q

standard precautions

A

treating blood and other body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected

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11
Q

transmission-based precautions

A

precautions used for people who are infected or may be infected with certain infectious disease

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12
Q

hand hygiene

A

washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHs)

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13
Q

steps of donning ppe

A

washing hands
gown
mask/respirator
goggles/face shield
gloves

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14
Q

steps of doffing ppe

A

gloves
goggles/face shield
gown
mask
wash hands

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15
Q

airborne precautions

A

prevents pathogens that are carried by moisture, air currents, and dust
ex. tuberculosis
prevention = wearing respirator

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16
Q

droplet precautions

A

used for diseases that are spread by droplets in the air
ex. influenza
prevention = wear a face mask

17
Q

contact precautions

A

used when a patient may spread infection by direct contact with a person or object
ex. conjunctivitis, rotavirus, C. diff
prevention: wearing gloves and gown and patient isolation and handwashing

18
Q

epidemic

A

outbreak that affects a large # of people within a specific geographical area

19
Q

pandemic

A

a global outbreak of a disease; affects a large # of people in many countries

20
Q

endemic

A

an outbreak that is always present; become more manageable and spreads at an expected level

21
Q

Bloodborne pathogens

A

microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease

22
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

virus that weakens the immune system so that the body can’t fight infections

23
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation for the liver cause by certain viruses and other factors such as alcohol abuse, some meds, and trauma

24
Q

Hep B

A

can survive outside the body for 7 days
causes liver damage, liver cancer, death
transmitted through sexual contact, infected needles, and from mom to baby

25
Q

Hep C

A

transmitted through blood and other body fluids
causes cirrhosis and liver cancer
no vaccine
can survive outside of body for 6 weeks

26
Q

Hep D

A

transmitted by blood
only found in ppl who have Hep B

27
Q

Hep E

A

transmitted via fecal-oral route

28
Q

Bloodborne pathogens standard

A

requires healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards

29
Q

needlestick safety and prevention act

A

utilizes engineering controls to prevent needlesticks

30
Q

exposure control plan

A

required plan to elimination or reduce employee exposure to infectious material

31
Q

clean

A

not contaminated with pathogens

32
Q

dirty

A

contaminated with pathogens

33
Q

disinfection

A

process that destroys most pathogens

34
Q

sterilization

A

destroys all microorganisms

35
Q

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A

spread by physical and indirect contact
symptoms: drainage, fever, chills, skin discoloration

36
Q

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

A

spread through direct and indirect contact
symptoms: fever, fatigue, chills, drainage
very hard to treat

37
Q

carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales (CRE)

A

Normal part of intestinal flora that can multiply and cause infection
resistant to a very strong antibiotic
50% death rate

38
Q

clostridioides difficile (C. diff)

A

not an MDRO but using antibiotics too often increases risk of infection; spore-forming bacterium; found in normal gut flora
elderly at higher risk
alcohol sanitizer is not effective against C. diff
symptoms: frequent, foul- smelling, watering stools; fever, diarrhea, nausea, lack of appetite, abd cramps

PCT (6 decks)

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