Chapter 5: Infection Prevention & Control

Question 1

infection

Answer 1

when harmful microorganisms invade and multiply within the body

Question 2

localized infection

Answer 2

infection that is limited to a specific location in the body

Question 3

systemic infection

Answer 3

infection affecting the entire body
causes fever, chills, mental confusion

Question 4

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Answer 4

infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care

Question 5

chain of infection

Answer 5

causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

Question 6

medical asepsis

Answer 6

measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens

Question 7

surgical asepsis

Answer 7

makes an object or area completely free of all microorganisms

Question 8

occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

Answer 8

agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job

Question 9

centers for disease control and prevention (CDC)

Answer 9

agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve the health of individuals and communities

Question 10

standard precautions

Answer 10

treating blood and other body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected

Question 11

transmission-based precautions

Answer 11

precautions used for people who are infected or may be infected with certain infectious disease

Question 12

hand hygiene

Answer 12

washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHs)

Question 13

steps of donning ppe

Answer 13

washing hands
gown
mask/respirator
goggles/face shield
gloves

Question 14

steps of doffing ppe

Answer 14

gloves
goggles/face shield
gown
mask
wash hands

Question 15

airborne precautions

Answer 15

prevents pathogens that are carried by moisture, air currents, and dust
ex. tuberculosis
prevention = wearing respirator

Question 16

droplet precautions

Answer 16

used for diseases that are spread by droplets in the air
ex. influenza
prevention = wear a face mask

Question 17

contact precautions

Answer 17

used when a patient may spread infection by direct contact with a person or object
ex. conjunctivitis, rotavirus, C. diff
prevention: wearing gloves and gown and patient isolation and handwashing

Question 18

epidemic

Answer 18

outbreak that affects a large # of people within a specific geographical area

Question 19

pandemic

Answer 19

a global outbreak of a disease; affects a large # of people in many countries

Question 20

endemic

Answer 20

an outbreak that is always present; become more manageable and spreads at an expected level

Question 21

Bloodborne pathogens

Answer 21

microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease

Question 22

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 22

virus that weakens the immune system so that the body can’t fight infections

Question 23

hepatitis

Answer 23

inflammation for the liver cause by certain viruses and other factors such as alcohol abuse, some meds, and trauma

Question 24

Hep B

Answer 24

can survive outside the body for 7 days
causes liver damage, liver cancer, death
transmitted through sexual contact, infected needles, and from mom to baby

Question 25

Hep C

Answer 25

transmitted through blood and other body fluids causes cirrhosis and liver cancer no vaccine can survive outside of body for 6 weeks

Question 26

Hep D

Answer 26

transmitted by blood only found in ppl who have Hep B

Question 27

Hep E

Answer 27

transmitted via fecal-oral route

Question 28

Bloodborne pathogens standard

Answer 28

requires healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards

Question 29

needlestick safety and prevention act

Answer 29

utilizes engineering controls to prevent needlesticks

Question 30

exposure control plan

Answer 30

required plan to elimination or reduce employee exposure to infectious material

Question 31

clean

Answer 31

not contaminated with pathogens

Question 32

dirty

Answer 32

contaminated with pathogens

Question 33

disinfection

Answer 33

process that destroys most pathogens

Question 34

sterilization

Answer 34

destroys all microorganisms

Question 35

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 35

spread by physical and indirect contact symptoms: drainage, fever, chills, skin discoloration

Question 36

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

Answer 36

spread through direct and indirect contact symptoms: fever, fatigue, chills, drainage very hard to treat

Question 37

carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales (CRE)

Answer 37

Normal part of intestinal flora that can multiply and cause infection resistant to a very strong antibiotic 50% death rate

Question 38

clostridioides difficile (C. diff)

Answer 38

not an MDRO but using antibiotics too often increases risk of infection; spore-forming bacterium; found in normal gut flora elderly at higher risk alcohol sanitizer is not effective against C. diff symptoms: frequent, foul- smelling, watering stools; fever, diarrhea, nausea, lack of appetite, abd cramps